The purpose of the Bachelor of Arts program with concentration in linguistics is to provide a solid, integrated introduction to the core subdisciplines of linguistics, as well as a language background sufficient to provide a base for the theoretical parts of the program. This introduction provides students with a general orientation and overview of the field and prepares them for productive advanced study in linguistics.

Linguistics concentrators should consult annually with the departmental undergraduate adviser to discuss course selection.

The B.A. degree requirements in linguistics are (1) Introduction to Linguistics (Linguistics 201-202-203), usually taken during the second year; (2) the four linguistics core courses, which are Syntax I (Linguistics 204), Phonetics (Linguistics 206), Semantics-Pragmatics (Linguistics 207), and Phonology I (Linguistics 208), which are usually divided between the third and fourth years; (3) three language courses beyond the first year in either French, German, or Russian; and (4) a non-Indo-European language requirement usually satisfied by taking a three-quarter course in an approved language. Linguistics students often take additional linguistics courses as electives or courses in related fields such as anthropology, information science, philosophy, or sociology.

Concentration

3	Ling 201-202-203 (introductory courses)
4	Ling 204, 206, 207, 208 (core courses)
3	courses in second-year French, German, or Russian†
3	courses in an approved non-Indo-European language†
13

† Credit may be granted by examination.

Honors. Fourth-year students who have maintained a 3.0 or better overall grade point average and a 3.5 or better grade point average in linguistics courses may consult with the departmental undergraduate adviser about submitting an honors essay. Consultation should take place at the beginning of the student's senior year and the essay must be submitted by the fifth week of the quarter in which the student plans to graduate to qualify for honors.

Grading. Letter grades are needed in all required linguistics courses. Otherwise courses may be taken for the grade of P/N.

Joint Degree Program. The core curriculum for the B.A. closely follows the basic program for the M.A. degree in the Department of Linguistics. Students who have demonstrated a high ability in linguistics may apply for a joint B.A./M.A. They should consult with the Dean of Students of the Division of the Humanities (Wb 105) no later than April 1 of their third year. To be considered for admission to the program, the student must have maintained a 3.5 or better grade point average in Linguistics 201, 202, and 203 and the linguistics core courses (at least two of which must be completed before petitioning for admission). Joint degree program students take all the remaining required linguistics courses for the M.A. degree. Their knowledge of the content of the four core courses is tested in the qualifying examination given in the spring quarter. The remaining additional requirement is the M.A. thesis. In order for the M.A. thesis to be completed by the end of the fourth year, the following schedule must be met: (1) the two faculty members supervising the thesis must have approved the research topic, plan, and reading list by the end of the autumn quarter; (2) the supervisors must confirm completion of the research by the end of winter quarter; and (3) the thesis must be completed by the fifth week of the spring quarter.

201-202-203/301-302-303. Introduction to Linguistics I, II, III (=Anthro 270-1,-2-3/370-1,-2,-3, Ling 201-202-203/301-302-303, SocSci 217-218-219). PQ: Must be taken in sequence. This course is an introductory survey of methods, findings, and problems in areas of major interest within linguistics and of the relationship of linguistics to other disciplines. Topics include the biological basis of language, basic notions of syntax, semantics, pragmatics, basic syntactic typology of language, phonetics, phonology, morphology, language acquisition, linguistic variation, and linguistic change. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

204/304. Syntax I (=Anthro 378, Ling 204/304). PQ: Ling 201, 202, or 203; or equivalent. This course is devoted to detailed study of the major syntactic phenomena of English, combined with exposition and critical evaluation of the principal accounts of phenomena proposed by transformational grammarians and the theoretical frameworks within which those accounts are developed. Class discussion focuses on ideas advanced in or arising out of transformational grammar with regard to the relation between syntax and semantics and the psychological status of linguistic analyses. J. McCawley. Autumn.

205/305. Syntax II (=Anthro 379, Ling 205/305). PQ: Ling 204 or consent of instructor. The purpose of this course is to bring students to the point where they are able to follow syntactic articles in contemporary journals. J. Sadock. Spring.

206/306. Phonetics (=Anthro 377, Ling 206/306). PQ: Ling 201, 202, or 203; or consent of instructor. This is an introduction to the study of speech sounds. Speech sounds are described with respect to their articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual structures. There are lab exercises both in phonetic transcription and in the acoustic analysis of speech sounds. K. Landahl. Autumn.

207/307. Semantics and Pragmatics. PQ: Ling 204. This course is an introduction to the systematic study of meaning and context. S. Mufwene. Winter.

208/308. Phonology I (=Anthro 373, Ling 208/308). PQ: Ling 201, 202, 203, or 206; or equivalent. This is an introduction to general principles of phonology, with emphasis on nongenerative theory. Staff. Winter.

209/309. Phonology II (=Anthro 376, Ling 209/309). PQ: Ling 208. The principles of generative phonology are introduced and studied in detail, emphasizing the role of formalism and abstractness in phonological analysis. The emphasis is on the Sound Pattern of English theory, with brief discussion of more recent autosegmental and metrical models. Staff. Spring.

210. Morphology (=Anthro 374, Ling 210). This course deals with linguistic structure and patterning beyond the phonological level. It concentrates on analysis of grammatical and formal oppositions and their structural relationships and interrelationships (morphophonology). A. Dahlstrom. Spring.

213/313. Historical Linguistics (=Anthro 473, Ling 213/313). PQ: Ling 206 or 208, or consent of instructor. This course concerns linguistic change and variation and the theory of genetic comparison and reconstruction. K. Kazazis. Autumn.

217/317. Experimental Phonetics. PQ: Ling 206/306 or consent of instructor. This course is an exploration of various instrumentation available for speech analysis and synthesis. Hands-on work is emphasized. This year's topic is vowel synthesis. Perception-related literature is also assigned for reading and discussion. K. Landahl. Winter.

245/345. Dialect Voices in Literature (=AfAfAm 221, Eng 146/346, Ling 245/345). In this course we use linguistic techniques to analyze literary texts, especially to assess how successfully dialect is represented, whether it matches the characters and cultural contexts in which it is used, and what effects it produces. About half the quarter is spent articulating linguistic features that distinguish English dialects (including standard English) from each other and identifying some features that are associated with specific American dialects, such as African-American English, White Southern English, and Appalachian English. During the second half of the quarter we read and critique writers such as Toni Morrison, Zora Neal Hurston, Mark Twain, William Faulkner, and Richard Wright. S. Mufwene. Autumn.

272. Language, Power, and Identity in Southeastern Europe: A Linguistic View of the Balkan Crisis (=Anthro 274, GnSlav 230, Ling 272). Language is a key issue in the articulation of ethnicity and the struggle for power in Southeastern Europe. This course familiarizes students with the linguistic histories and structures that have served as bases for the formation of modern Balkan ethnic identities that are being manipulated to shape current and future events. The course is informed by the instructor's experience as an adviser for the United Nations Protection Forces in the former Yugoslavia, as well as his twenty years of linguistic fieldwork in the Balkans. V. Friedman. Winter.

288/388. Languages of Europe. This course examines Europe as a linguistic area. We discuss language versus dialect, linguistic convergence as a result of language contact, and traits common to various groups of European languages. K. Kazazis. Winter.

297. Reading Course. PQ: Consent of instructor and undergraduate adviser. Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

299. B.A. Paper Preparation Course. PQ: Consent of instructor and undergraduate adviser. Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

101-102-103. American Sign Language. American Sign Language is the language of the deaf in the United States and much of Canada. It is a full-fledged autonomous language, unrelated to English or other spoken languages. This introductory course teaches the student basic vocabulary and grammatical structure, as well as aspects of deaf culture. D. Ronchen. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

104-105-106. Intermediate American Sign Language. D. Ronchen. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

201-202-203. Introductory Modern Hebrew I, II, III (=Hebrew 201-202-203, JewStd 250-251-252/350-351-352, LngLin 201-202-203). This course introduces students to reading, writing, and speaking modern Hebrew. All four language skills are emphasized: comprehension of written and oral materials; reading of nondiacritical text; writing of directed sentences, paragraphs, and compositions; and speaking. Students learn the Hebrew root pattern system and the seven basic verb conjugations in both the past and present tenses, as well as simple future. At the end of the year, students can conduct short conversations in Hebrew, read materials designed to their level, and write short essays. A. Finkelstein. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

204-205-206. Intermediate Modern Hebrew I, II, III (=Hebrew 204-205-206, JewStd 253-254-255/353-354-355, LngLin 204-205-206). This course is devised for students who had previously taken either modern or biblical Hebrew courses. The main objective is to provide students with the skills necessary to approach modern Hebrew prose, both fiction and nonfiction. In order to achieve this formidable task, students are provided with a systematic examination of the complete verb structure. Many syntactic structures are introduced, including simple clauses, and coordinate and compound sentences. At this level students not only write and speak extensively, but are also required to analyze grammatically and contextually all of the materials assigned. A. Finkelstein. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

243/343. Intensive Structure of Macedonian (=GnSlav 217/317, LngLin 243/343). PQ: Knowledge of another Slavic language helpful. An introduction to the standard language of the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonian is often described as the most Balkan of the Balkan languages. The course begins with a brief introduction to Macedonian linguistic history followed by an outline of Macedonian grammar and readings of authentic texts. There is also discussion of questions of grammar, standardization, and Macedonian language in society. Issues of Balkan and Slavic linguistics are also touched upon. V. Friedman. Winter.

251/351. Old Church Slavonic (=GnSlav 220/320, LngLin 251/351). PQ: Knowledge of another Slavic language or a good knowledge of one or two other old Indo-European languages. Introduction to the language of the oldest Slavic texts. The course begins with a brief historical overview of the relationship of Old Church Slavonic to Common Slavic and the other Slavic languages. This is followed by a short outline of Old Church Slavonic inflectional morphology. The remainder of the course is spent in the reading and grammatical analysis of original texts in Cyrillic or Cyrillic transcription of the original Glagolitic. V. Friedman. Winter.

278/378. Linguistics as a Cognitive Science. PQ: Knowledge of elementary mathematics. This course surveys the cognitive revolution of the 1950s and 1960s, the rise of connectionist and network approaches in the 1980s and 1990s, and how linguistics fits into these movements. Current ideas in machine learning are explored for their relevance to the study of language. J. Goldsmith. Spring.

320. Applied Linguistics (=GnSlav 315, LngLin 320). H. Aronson. Autumn.