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Humanities

First-year Common Core courses seek to engage students in the challenges and pleasures of humanistic works through close reading of a broad range of texts--literary, historical, and philosophical. They are not survey courses; they try, rather, to focus on the methods and habits of analyzing and experiencing exemplary texts. Improvement in students' skills in writing, frequently through special tutorial sessions, constitutes an essential goal of these courses.

The 200-level Collegiate courses in humanities seek to extend humanistic inquiry beyond the scope of the Common Core. A few of them also serve as parts of special degree programs. All of these courses are open as electives to students from any Collegiate Division.

Courses

Common Core Sequences

110-111-112. Readings in World Literature. This course examines the relationship of the individual and society in literary texts from across the globe. Writers studied range from Austen to Toni Morrison, from Voltaire to the Egyptian Nawal El Sadaawi, from Gogol to the Brazilian Clarice Lispector, from Flaubert to Salman Rushdie. In the autumn, the class surveys prose works from the Renaissance to the 1980s, in which individuals learn--or struggle--to situate themselves in a society that is often unaccepting of individuality. In the winter, students consider the problem of evil through an analysis of authors as diverse as Dostoevksy, Hardy, Lispector, Cela, Weiss, and Arendt. In the spring, the class explores the issue of alienation, using Kafka as a point of departure, and eventually moving on to the autobiography of Maya Angelou. Students in this course work closely with a writing tutor and participate in weekly writing workshops. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

115-116-117. Philosophical Perspectives on the Humanities. This sequence studies philosophy both as an ongoing series of arguments, mainly but not exclusively concerning ethics and knowledge, and as a discipline interacting with and responding to developments in the natural sciences, history, and literature. Papers are assigned throughout the course to help students develop their writing and reasoning skills. Readings may vary from section to section, although the year is organized around several common themes. The autumn quarter focuses on Greek conceptions of ethics and epistemology, primarily through analysis of Platonic dialogues, but readings may also come from Aristotle and the Greek dramatists. The winter quarter focuses on questions and challenges raised by the intellectual revolution of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with readings from Montaigne, Bacon, Descartes, Pascal, Galileo, and Shakespeare. The spring quarter focuses on modern moral philosophy, and on the relation of philosophy to literature, with readings from Hume, Kant, Diderot, Melville, Conrad, and Nietzsche. T. Cohen, Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

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120-121-122. Greek Thought and Literature. This sequence approaches its subject matter in two ways: generically and historically. First, it offers an introduction to the methods of humanistic inquiry in three broadly defined areas: history, philosophy, and imaginative literature. The works of Herodotus and Thucydides are studied as examples of historiography; the dialogues of Plato exemplify philosophy; imaginative literature is exemplified by Homer's epic poetry, the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, and the comedies of Aristophanes. Second, the sequence is concerned with ancient Greek culture as a system of related activities and attitudes. By following the creative phases of Greek culture in roughly chronological order, beginning with Homer and ending with Plato, we aim at understanding what ancient works meant to their original authors and audiences and how each work reflects the specific conditions of its composition. We study exemplary texts and cultural development in ancient Greece because of the Greeks' unique influence upon the history of civilization in the western hemisphere. Importantly, this is also a class in how to write an effective essay. We place considerable stress on how to construct an argument, how to reason cogently with a philosophical or literary text. Because the course is cross-disciplinary, we consider how to ask literary questions of a historical text, philosophical questions of a literary text, and the like. The course is not conceived of at all as a prerequisite for a prospective classics major, though it does introduce students to great classical texts; it is meant to be a course in humanities, sharing with other courses in the core sequence an interest in exploring the spirit of human greatness. D. Bevington, Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

123-124-125. Human Being and Citizen. "Who is a knower of such excellence, of a human being and of a citizen?" As both human beings and citizens, we are concerned to discover what it means to be an excellent human being and an excellent citizen, and to learn what a just community is. This course seeks to explore these questions and related matters, and to examine critically our opinions about them. To this end, we read closely and discuss critically seminal works of the Western tradition, selected partly because they richly reveal the central questions and partly because, read together, they force us to consider different and competing ways of asking and answering questions about human and civic excellence. The diverse and even competing excellences of which we are capable, to which we are drawn, and among which we may have to choose make it impossible for us to approach these great writings as detached or indifferent spectators, especially as these books are both the originators and the most exacting critics of our common opinions--opinions by which we explicitly or implicitly guide our lives. Thus we seek not only an understanding of certain enduring questions, but also a deeper appreciation of who we are, here and now, all in the service of a more thoughtful consideration of our lives as human beings and citizens. This course also aims to cultivate the liberating skills of careful reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Reading list (1995-96): Homer, Iliad; Genesis; Plato, The Apology of Socrates; Sophocles, Antigone; Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics; the Gospel According to St. Matthew; Shakespeare, Measure for Measure; selected American poems and documents; Kant, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals; Dostoevsky, The Brothers Karamazov. A. Kass, Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

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130-131-132. Strategies of Interpretation: Form, Problem, and Event. "There are no magics or elves or timely godmothers to guide us" (Gwendolyn Brooks). We must create our own paths through the world. Interpretation is not a passive, safe, or merely academic activity; it is our power to create new paths or reshape old paths through the world. Interpretation involves intellectual risk, as well as well-honed persuasive skills. The interpretations of others always challenge our own, so we must gain experience in different methods or strategies of interpretation in order to complicate and clarify our own positions while recognizing the merits and faults of others. We encourage vigorous debate and disagreement in the different sections of this course. By focusing on literary, philosophical, and historical analyses as strategies of interpretation, we come to a better understanding of forms, problems, and events. The complex structures of literary texts, the difficult questions posed by philosophical inquiries, and the intricate patterns of historical accounts all make demands on the ways we see ourselves and the world around us. Our aim in the course is to culminate in an appreciation of how these different strategies of interpretation interact with one another and contribute together to a critical understanding of human experience. Thus in each quarter we read literary, philosophical, and historical texts, showing how each kind of writing may be submitted to each style of interpretation. At the same time, the course's emphasis on students' critical writing is designed to sharpen their skills in thinking and expression. D. Bruster, Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

130. Strategies of Interpretation: Form. How is a human life shaped in writing? In what ways does the literary form of autobiography limit or expand the possibilities of selfhood? During this quarter we address not only the formal or structural features that autobiographical works have in common but also how those works' formal differences embody changing conceptions of the self. Readings include Augustine's Confessions, Descartes's Discourse on Method, Kingston's Woman Warrior, and Mishima's Sun and Steel.

131. Strategies of Interpretation: Problem. PQ: Hum 130. How is gender important for philosophical understanding? Are the masculine and the feminine eternal categories of being or cultural conventions? This quarter we examine gender as a philosophical question, as well as the relevance of gender to traditional philosophical problems. Readings include Plato's Symposium, Shakespeare's All's Well That Ends Well, Freud's Schreber case, Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Woman, and Woolf's A Room of One's Own.

132. Strategies of Interpretation: Event. PQ: Hum 131. How do we understand emancipation historically? In what ways was the end of slavery a defining moment for the United States? This quarter investigates texts centered on a discrete historical event--the proclamation of emancipation in 1863--but asks also whether emancipation ought to be understood differently, as a process perhaps not yet completed. Readings include Du Bois's The Souls of Black Folk, Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, Douglass's Narrative of the Life of an American Slave, and the Lincoln-Douglas debates.

135-136-137. Introduction to the Humanities. Open only to first-year students. Like other Common Core sequences, this course is grounded on the texts and analyses that characterize the humanities. This sequence is unique, however, in its emphasis on teaching the skills of writing. We pay special attention to the nature and effects of writing structures in the texts we study. We continue this attention to the students' own writing, which is substantial: an average of one assignment per week, which we discuss in seminar meetings of five or six students. It is not a course in remedial writing but rather, a course for those students who want to become particularly proficient writers. Readings for the course are organized according to our focus on writing. In the autumn quarter we examine several of the constituent analyses of the humanities, and we read shorter texts. In 1994 these included Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address and Gettysburg Address; Jefferson, Declaration of Independence; Plato, Apology and Crito; Thucydides, selections from The Peloponnesian War; and Shakespeare, Henry IV. In the winter, we concentrate on constructing the problems posed in the humanities. In 1995 our texts were The Peloponnesian War; The Federalist Papers; and short fiction by Ambrose Bierce and Joseph Conrad. In the spring, we turn to intense and expansive works of imaginative literature: poetry by John Donne, Emily Dickinson, and T. S. Eliot; and Tolstoy, War and Peace. L. McEnerney. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

140-141-142. Reading Cultures: Collecting, Traveling, and Capitalist Cultures. Introducing students to methods of literary, visual, and social analysis, this course addresses the formation and transformation of cultures across a broad chronological and geographic field. Our objects of study range from the Renaissance epic to contemporary film, the fairy tale to the museum. Hardly presuming that we know definitively what "culture" means, we examine paradigms of reading within which the very idea of culture emerged and changed. W. Brown, K. Trumpener, Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

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140. Reading Cultures: Collecting. This quarter focuses on the way objects and stories are selected and rearranged to produce cultural identities. Likely texts include Ovid's Metamorphoses; collections of European, Native-American, and African-American myths and tales; T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land; Alejo Carpentier's The Lost Steps; and Orson Welles's Citizen Kane. We also examine museum installations of the past and present, as well as contemporary artworks about the museum.

141. Reading Cultures: Traveling. This quarter considers the literary conventions of cross-cultural encounter. We read ancient, early-modern and modern travelers' reports, such as Herodotus's Histories, Basho's Narrow Road to the North, and contemporary tourist literature; narratives of conquest and colonization, such as the Columbus Diario, Comoens's Lusiads, and Defoe's Robinson Crusoe; and texts of diaspora and emigration.

142. Reading Cultures: Capitalist Cultures. This quarter works toward understanding the relation, in the modern and postmodern periods, between economic development, on the one hand, and processes of cultural formation, deformation, and transformation, on the other. We examine literary and visual texts both celebratory and critical of modernization, urbanization, and "Westernization." Texts probably include modernist painting and poetry; Modikwe Dikobe's Marabi Dance, Abdelrahamn Munif's Cities of Salt, and Richard Wright's Native Son; contemporary poetry, music, and video; and the city of Chicago itself.

150-151-152. Perspectives on Language in the Humanities. This course considers fundamentals of language and its relation to other aspects of humanistic studies, including the arts, philosophy, social structure, and history. The first quarter is devoted to a careful reading of foundational texts in linguistics, including excerpts from Aristotle; Plato, The Cratylus; Hobbes, Leviathan; Saussure, General Course in Linguistics; and Sapir, Language. In the second quarter we consider language in relation to its speakers as members of society--considering problems of language and gender, language and ethnicity, and language and race. In the third quarter, we examine the role of language theory in contemporary studies of culture, gender, sexuality, and political economy. Texts include: Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams; Foucault, The History of Sexuality; Baudrillard, For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign; Butler, Gender Trouble; and Barthes, Mythologies. As an alternative to either the second or third quarters as described above, a quarter emphasizing language and history may also be offered. Both the history of languages and the role of language in historical studies will be taken up. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

164. South Asian Visual Culture (=Art H 185). From ancient Buddhist cave paintings and monumental Hindu temples to the medieval Islamic architecture of the Taj Mahal and contemporary Bombay films, the history of South Asian arts and architecture includes diverse visual cultures. This course studies the ways these varied art forms generate meanings for audiences within the specific historical and cultural contexts of their use. These include their contextual use in religious rituals, at imperial courts, as political rhetoric, in the formation of national and postcolonial identity, and self-representation. Visits to the Hindu Temple of Greater Chicago and the Art Institute of Chicago are included. W. Taylor. Spring.

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168. German Jewish Culture since 1780: The Discontents of Assimilation (=GS Hum 272, German 278). PQ: Reading knowledge of German desirable but not required. This is a broad survey of German Jewish culture from the Enlightenment on, with a close analysis of the entwinement of German and Jewish cultures at particular historical moments. Themes include emancipation and assimilation, Jewish women and Salon-culture, the rise of racial anti-Semitism, Jewish "self-hatred" and the search for new Jewish identities, and the Holocaust and its aftermath. Literary texts by Heinrich Heine, Rahel Varnhagen, Else Lasker-Schüler, Franz Kafka, Paul Celan, Peter Weiss, and others. Background readings by David Sorkin, Hannah Arendt, Sander Gilman, Raul Hilberg. Class discussion in English; readings available in English and German. K. Garloff. Autumn.

173. Reading Eating: The Narratives of Food (=GS Hum 214, German 270). PQ: Knowledge of German, French, or Italian helpful but not required. In this course we discuss modern and contemporary texts, from film to literature, from psychoanalysis to anthropology, dealing with the representation of eating as a metaphor of national, cultural, and sexual identity. Feminist theory and psychoanalytical and anthropological essays are theoretical reference points. We examine how, in certain depictions or fantasies, the figures of "eating" become the means to convey personal and cultural anxieties of invasion and/or destruction. While studying the texts, we pay specific attention to whether the discourse of eating serves to set up and define or bring down and collapse the boundaries between the self and other, inside and outside, subject and object. C. Novero. Winter.

177. Practicing American Poetry, 1855-1899 (=Eng 258). Once upon a time in the nineteenth century, the American public actually read poetry. In this course, we attempt to re-imagine the nineteenth-century "public" (or multiple "publics") and its poetic practices: its needs, pleasure, and agendas. We attend, particularly, to the overlapping spheres--domestic, "public," commercial, and state-sponsored--that allowed poetry to reach beyond established East Coast magazines and into the daily life of (mostly) middle-class Americans. A. Sorby. Autumn.

200. Judaic Civilization I: Biblical Literature and Religion (=JewStd 200). This course provides an overall introduction to the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), with specific attention to its literary, religious, and ideological contents. The diversity of thought and theology in ancient Israel is explored, along with its notions of text, teaching, and tradition. Revision and reinterpretation is found within the Bible itself. Portions of the earliest postbiblical interpretation (in Philo, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and selected Pseudepigrapha) are also considered. J. Collins. Autumn.

201. Judaic Civilization II: Rabbinic Judaism from the Mishneh to Maimonides (=GS Hum 271/371, JewStd 201). Study of the primary texts in the development of classical and medieval rabbinic Judaism from roughly 70 C.E. to the twelfth century. The course centers around selections (in translation) from the Mishneh and tannaitic midrash, the Babylonian Talmud, Geonic and Karaite writing, the Judaeo-Arabic and Hebrew literature of Andalusia, and Maimonides' legal and philosophical compositions. Topics include different conceptions of the Hebrew Bible and its interpretation; the origins and development of the Oral Law; relations between Judaism and both Christianity and Islam; sectarianism; rationalist and antirationalist trends in rabbinic thought; and the emergence of secular pursuits in the rabbinic tradition. J. Stern. Winter.

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202. Judaic Civilization III: The American-Jewish Experience (=JewStd 202). This course, the third in the Jewish Civilization sequence, focuses this year on the Jewish experience in the United States, mainly during the past one hundred years. The central theme is the effort of representative writers and intellectuals to make sense of both terms of their hyphenated Jewish-American identities. The texts include novels and short stories, films, critical essays, autobiographies, and letters. The course is organized around representative figures, such as Abraham Cahan, Louis D. Brandeis, Mary Antin, Horace Kallen, Henry Roth, Delmore Schwartz, I. B. Singer, Saul Bellow, Grace Paley, and Cynthia Ozick. M. Krupnick. Spring.

Collegiate Courses

203. Heroic Failure: Lord Jim and The Great Gatsby (=Fndmtl 281). This course focuses on a reading of Joseph Conrad's Lord Jim and F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. The reading focuses on how narrative techniques construct what is seen and understood and how the narrator is as much told as he is telling. E. Wasiolek. Autumn.

207. Augustine's Confessions and The Life of Teresa of Jesus (=Fndmtl 276, Id/Met 290/390). The course examines confessions and autobiography as ways of orienting lives and selves toward alteration, focusing in particular on love and discourse as agents of transformation. It consists of a close reading of the texts in English translation. We spend about seven weeks on the Confessions and about three on The Life of Teresa. Class consists of brief lectures and discussion. Students may choose to write papers on one or both of the texts. W. Olmsted. Autumn.

208. Milton's Paradise Lost (=Fndmtl 219, Id/Met 219/319). This course is based on a close reading of Milton's Paradise Lost with emphasis on the poem's redefinition of heroic virtue and on the text's engagement with issues of family, politics, history, psychology, and theology. W. Olmsted. Winter.

212. Myths and Symbols of Evil (=Fndmtl 223, RelHum 223). This course examines in depth Martin Buber's Good and Evil and Paul Ricoeur's Symbolism of Evil. There are a few brief lectures, but emphasis is on seminar discussion and student participation. A. Carr. Not offered 1995-96; will be offered 1996-97.

220. Don Quixote (=Fndmtl 220). This course is based on a close reading and analysis of the text. Discussions focus on problems of textual analysis and interpretation as well as on questions of literary theory, fictional form, and narrative technique. Reading and discussion are in English. Those competent to do so are urged to read the text in Spanish. G. Haley. Autumn.

224. Homer and Tolstoy (=ComLit 306, GS Hum 275/375). This course consists of a close reading of the Iliad and War and Peace. We compare and contrast the role of the epic in ancient and modern culture. Emphasis is on class discussion. M. Ehre, H. Sinaiko. Spring.

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225. Homer: The Odyssey (=Fndmtl 214, Id/Met 214/314). This course is based on a close reading of the text and focuses on such topics as the relation between nature and culture, the heroic model of leadership, the encounters of Odysseus with other cultures, and the role of story in establishing and sustaining social ties. We discuss the tensions between heroic and domestic models of virtue and examine the poem's construction of gender and sexuality. W. Olmsted. Autumn.

228-229. Problems in Gender Studies (=Anthro 215, Eng 102-103, GS Hum 205-206, Hist 204-205, SocSci 282-283). PQ: Second- or third-year standing and completion of a Common Core social science or humanities course or the equivalent. This two-quarter interdisciplinary sequence is designed as an introduction to theories and critical practices in the study of feminism, gender, and sexuality. Both classic texts and recent reconceptualizations of these contested fields are examined. Problems and cases from a variety of cultures and historical periods are considered, and the course pursues their differing implications for local, national, and global politics. Topics might include the politics of reproduction; gender and postcolonialism; women, sexual scandal, and the law; race and sexual paranoia; and sexual subcultures. L. Berlant, E. Hadley, Staff, Autumn; E. Alexander, E. Povinelli, Staff, Winter.

230-231-232. Medieval Jewish History I, II, III (=NELC 280-281-282). A three-quarter sequence dealing with the history of Jews over a wide geographical and historical range. First quarter work is concerned with the rise of early rabbinical Judaism and development of the Jewish community in Palestine and the eastern and western Diaspora during the first several centuries A.D. Topics include the legal status of the Jews in the Roman world; the rise of rabbinical Judaism; the rabbinical literature of Palestine in that context; the spread of rabbinical Judaism; the rise and decline of competing centers of Jewish hegemony; the introduction of Hebrew language and culture beyond the confines of their original home; and the impact of the birth of Islam on the political and cultural status of the Jews. An attempt will be made to evaluate the main characteristics of Jewish belief and social concepts in the formative periods of Judaism as it developed beyond its original geographical boundaries. Second-quarter work is concerned with the Jews under Islam, both in Eastern and Western Caliphates. Third-quarter work is concerned with the Jews of Western Europe into the time of the first crusade. N. Golb. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

233. Borges. This lecture/discussion course in English is organized around Borges's multifaceted career, from avant-garde poet in the 1920s to essayist, film critic, short story writer, and literary prankster. The focus is on the development of his narrative art (with emphasis on his wit and humor) in the context of his acknowledged "precursors" in the genre of the fantastic: Hoffman, Gogol, Poet, and Kafka. Some theory is discussed (Borges, Todorov, et al.). R. de Costa. Autumn.

234. The World of the Biblical Prophets (=JewStd 234, NCD 280). This course offers an in-depth analysis of the biblical prophets. Each prophet is set in historical time and within a particular societal context, and against this background a profile of the man is drawn. What was he like as a social reformer and religious thinker? What did he say no to in society and no to in organized worship? And to what did he say yes? How was his message received, and what influence did it have in its day? Finally, are the prophets merely historical figures, curiosities of antiquity, or do they speak to us in our age? H. Moltz. Autumn.

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235. The Radicalism of Job and Ecclesiastes (=Fndmtl 246, JewStd 235, NCD 277). Both Job and Ecclesiastes dispute a central doctrine of Hebrew Bible, namely, the doctrine of retributive justice. Each book argues that a person's fate is not a consequence of his or her religio-moral acts and thus the piety, whatever else it is, must be disinterested. In brief, the authors of Job and Ecclesiates, each in his own way, not only "de-mythologizes," but "de-moralizes" the world. The students read the books in translation and discuss their theological and philosophical implications. H. Moltz. Spring.

240. Introduction to Russian Literature II: 1850-1900 (=Russ 256/356). This is a survey covering the second half of the nineteenth century. Major figures studied are Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Leskov, Saltykov-Shchedrin, and Chekhov. Representative works are read for their literary value and against their historical, cultural, and intellectual background. Class discussion is encouraged. All readings in English. N. Ingham. Winter.

241. Dostoevsky (=Russ 275/375). A close reading of Dostoevsky's main works with the aim of understanding the aesthetic and philosophical dimensions of each work. Works read include Poor Folk, The Double, Notes from the Underground, Crime and Punishment, The Possessed, The Gentle Creature, The Dream of the Ridiculous Man, and The Brothers Karamazov. E. Wasiolek. Not offered 1995-96; will be offered 1996-97.

242. Tolstoy (=Russ 276/376). A close reading of Tolstoy's principal works seen as aesthetic wholes and in the development of his ideological, moral, and aesthetic views. All readings in English. E. Wasiolek. Spring.

245. Kant: Ethics, Politics, History, and Religion (=Fndmtl 262, Id/Met 270/370). Kant's writings on the practical are often called formalist and deontologic. This reading is usually based solely on the Grundlegung (the English title of which is normally either Fundamental Principles or Groundwork), an early "critical" work written for a very specific purpose. The assumption in this course is that Kant is much more interesting than this reading indicates and than attention to the Grundlegung alone allows. Some of the course readings, consequently, are his Metaphysics of Morals, Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone, and various essays on "history." These in combination provide subtle and consciously interrelated reflections on the problems of practice. D. Smigelskis. Spring.

247. Hegel's Philosophy of Right (=Fndmtl 230, Id/Met 269/369). The course first focuses on "translating"--becoming more familiar with what is to many the peculiar language of Hegel, a language which has set and still sets the most important boundaries and questions for many thinkers, not merely about politics but also about economics, sociology, and jurisprudence. More importantly, a concern with particular arguments and the general strategies of his argument understood broadly is also stressed. Once some comfort with the language is attained, a somewhat critical stance is adopted, if for no other reason than to guard against the possible bewitchment by what may be for many a somewhat new language of thought. D. Smigelskis. Autumn.

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254. Poetry of the Jews and/or Germans (=GS Hum 379, German 375, JewStd 275). The course consists of a series of close readings in several subgenres of verse drawn from the premodern as well as the modern period. Its aim is to explore how the problematic identities of disempowered but resistant peoples ("Jews and/or Germans," as well as "others" similarly situated) creatively reinvent and reinscribe themselves within that most personal and intimate of canonical genres, "lyric poetry." Following a sequence of core readings and discussions participants are encouraged to present, interpret, and discuss poems of their choice. Texts in English and the original. S. Jaffe. Autumn.

256. Aristotle's Politics (=Fndmtl 256, Id/Met 216/316). Special attention is given to the problems Aristotle thought important to consider and why they continue to be problems which are worthy of attention. Of particular interest is the manner in which politics is distinct from but interrelated with many other enterprises and the shaping of the inquiry as a deliberation which is meant to eventuate in choices by the readers. Another more recent text in the same general tradition, probably J. S. Mill's On Representative Government, is read for comparative purposes. D. Smigelskis. Spring.

262. Aristotle's Poetics (=Fndmtl 290, Id/Met 252/352). Courses about art are usually concerned with aesthetic and critical questions and rarely pause to consider questions about how to make works of art. Aristotle's Poetics would seem to be, in large part at least, about the latter with the primary focus being certain types of stories. The relation between aesthetic/critical and poetic strategies will be discussed. In addition, the text we have is filled with ambiguities. Rather than being a liability, these ambiguities are an occasion to explore various possibilities of what a poetic enterprise might involve. Furthermore, various types of stories either mentioned by Aristotle or which are seeming counterexamples to what he says will also be part of the course readings and class discussion. D. Smigelskis. Autumn.

273. Yiddish Literature and Culture in English Translation (=GS Hum 283). Readings in English of the classics of Yiddish literature, modern Yiddish prose, and drama writers from Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, and the United States. (Yiddish poetry is not covered.) Yiddish cinema and American Yiddish popular culture form a second motif for the course. There is a strong emphasis on all of Yiddish culture, both higher culture and popular culture. Among the writers covered are Sholom-Aleichem, I. L. Peretz, Sholem Asch, I. J. Singer, and Isaac Bashevis Singer. H. Aronson. Winter.

274. Language, Power, and Identity in Southeastern Europe: A Linguistic View of the Balkan Crisis (=Anthro 274, GnSlav 230, LngLin 230). Language is a key issue in the articulation of ethnicity and the struggle for power in southeastern Europe. This course familiarizes students with the linguistic histories and structures that have served as bases for the formation of modern Balkan ethnic identities and that are being manipulated to shape current and future events. V. Friedman. Autumn.

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278. Cinema and Culture of the 1930s: Germany and Europe (=ComLit 360, GS Hum 378, German 351). PQ: Knowledge of German helpful but not required. This course considers the dislocations of German cinema in the 1930s (the transition from Weimar to Nazi cinema) within a broad European context and in relation to the coming of sound. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between "commitment" and modernism; the rise of fascist and Popular Front cinemas and their new representations of the nation state; the impact of sound on film aesthetics and film genre, ethnographic and documentary filmmaking; the rise of the musical; the realignment of sight and sound, the voice and the body; surrealism and the politics of eroticism. Films by Fritz Lang, Hans Richter, Joseph von Sternberg, Douglas Sirk, Leontine Sagan, Leni Riefenstahl, René Clair, Jean Renoir, Carl Dreyer, Luis Buñuel, Alfred Hitchcock, Sergei Eisenstein, and Dziga Vertov. K. Trumpener. Winter.

279. Freud and Nietzsche (=Fndmtl 296, GS Hum 383, German 392, JewStd 272). This course pursues a comparative analysis of the genesis, structure, and implications of Freudian and Nietzschean thought. Special attention is paid to issues of individual and cultural identity (sexual, disciplinary, professional, religious, political), as they emerge from the close reading of two texts: Freud's Moses and Monotheism and Nietzsche's On the Advantages and Disadvantages of History for Life. Participants are asked to present their understanding of, and reaction to, some aspect of these texts seminar-fashion in the concluding part of the course. Texts in German and English. S. Jaffe. Winter.

281. Modern Readings in Anthropology: Explorations in Oral Narrative--The Folk Tale (=Anthro 213/453). Class limited to thirty-five students. This course studies the role of storytelling and narrativity in society and culture: comparison of folk-tale traditions; the shift from oral to literate traditions and the impact of writing; the principal schools of analysis of narrative structure and function; and the place of narrative in the disciplines: law, psychoanalysis, politics, history, philosophy, and anthropology. Story performance and contemporary storytelling in America are considered. J. Fernandez. Autumn.

283. Arts of Love and Books of Marriage from Sappho and Solomon to Freud and Lou (=GS Hum 390, German 399, JewStd 273). This course seeks to resituate a classic gender issue ("love and marriage") within the textual/cultural/historical contexts of two "theoretical" genres that have both reflected and helped to shape it: the ars amandi and the Ehebuch. Texts for the course consist of a core which is discussed in class, surrounded by a list of suggested readings from which participants may choose a text to present, interpret, and discuss during the final, seminar-style part of the course. Premodern as well as modern texts are featured and foreign-language works are in English and the original. S. Jaffe. Spring.

299. Reading Course. PQ: Consent of instructor and senior adviser. Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. Staff. Autumn, Winter, Spring.

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