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Physical Sciences

The physical sciences sequences (along with the first half of the natural sciences sequences) provide a way for students in the humanities and social sciences to satisfy the Common Core requirement in the physical sciences. Physical Sciences 108-109-110, Natural Sciences 101-102-103-104-105-106, and Natural Sciences 151-152-153-154-155-156 are in general less mathematical than Physical Sciences 111-112-113 and 118-119-120. The courses provide a wide choice of subject matter and level. Physical Sciences 108-109-110, Natural Sciences 101-102-103-104-105-106, and Natural Sciences 151-152-153-154-155-156 are open only to first- and second-year students and first-year transfer students, with enrollment preference given to first-year students. This means that students who have not completed the physical sciences requirement with one of these sequences by the end of their second year will be limited in the physical sciences courses they may take. NOTE: Only the more mathematical courses are open to third- and fourth-year students.

Courses

In the following course descriptions, L refers to courses with laboratory.

108-109-110. Science and the Earth. PQ: Math 102, Math 106, or placement in Math 131 or higher. Registration is open only to first- and second-year students and first-year transfer students. These courses fulfill the Common Core requirement in the physical sciences. Students are strongly advised to take these courses in sequence (e.g., PhySci 109-108-110). Note that PhySci 108 and 109 will be given in the winter and autumn quarters, respectively, in 1995-96.

108. The Earth. The dynamic nature of the earth is emphasized in this course. Background topics include minerals; igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks; structural geology; and geologic processes. Major topics covered are the age of the earth, plate tectonics, earth structure, and comparative paleontology. Lab exercises are designed to reinforce concepts presented in the lectures. D. Heinz. Winter. L.

109. The Ice-Age Climate. We study the ice age as a means to understand the varied processes that determine the stability of the earth's climate system. Our study begins with the history of how the ice age was discovered. Next, we explore the nature of glacier flow, glacier mass balance, and the landforms that are created by glaciers both today and in the past. The terrestrial and marine record of climate change is then investigated to set the stage for the most important part of the course: an investigation of theories for the glacial cycle. The lab includes analysis of glacier mass balance and flow using data collected from Alaskan glaciers, glacial land forms in Yosemite National Park in California, and glacial land forms in Illinois and the Midwest, and possibly a day-long field trip to ice-age sites near Chicago. D. MacAyeal. Autumn. L.

110. Environmental History of the Earth. Topics emphasize how geologic history has determined the physical and biological environments we experience on earth today, history and diversity of life as seen in the fossil record, the role of organisms in environmental change, the effects of such change on organisms, and extinction as an evolutionary process. J. Sepkoski. Spring. L.

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111-112-113. Foundations of Modern Physics I, II, III. PQ: Math 102 or 106, or a placement in Math 131 or higher. Courses must be taken in sequence. This course sequence fulfills the Common Core requirement in the physical sciences.

111. Foundations of Modern Physics I. This course presents an introduction to Newton's laws, with special emphasis on their consequences for the motion of the planets and stars. The course also includes a discussion of wave motion as applied to sound, water, and light and treatment of some basic aspects of special relativity. C. Covault. Winter. L.

112. Foundations of Modern Physics II. PQ: PhySci 111. With the advent of quantum mechanics, physicists were forced to abandon the classical laws of Newton and adopt a completely new philosophy concerning the laws of physics. In this course, we explore the philosophy of quantum mechanics, including such novel concepts as the quantization of energy, the indeterminacy of physical events, and fields. We also examine systems where quantum mechanical effects are not subtle, such as the substructure of common matter and high-energy particle collisions; to this end we discuss the particle accelerators and experiments capable of producing such systems in the lab. I. Abella. Spring. L.

113. Physics and Music. PQ: PhySci 112. This is a general interest course of lectures on the principles and applications of physics in sound and music. Principles examined include vibrations and waves; synthesis of waveforms, resonance, sound, and acoustics; and mathematics of musical intervals. Applications discussed include operation of musical instruments, electronic sound synthesis, waveform digitization, and sound recording and reproduction. S. Swordy. Autumn.

118-119-120. Introduction to Astrophysics I, II, III. PQ: Math 102, Math 106, or placement in Math 131 or higher. Courses must be taken in sequence. This course sequence fulfills the Common Core requirement in the physical sciences.

118. Introduction to Astrophysics I. This course addresses problems in classical astronomy and the study of the solar system. Physical principles are combined with astronomical observation to achieve precise descriptions of the motions of the planets, asteroids, and comets, the structures and climates of the planets and their satellites, and the evolution of the solar system. Physical principles and observational methods and results are demonstrated in the lab. R. Rosner. Autumn. L: T. Oka. Autumn.

119. Introduction to Astrophysics II. PQ: PhySci 118 or consent of instructor. The goal of this course is to develop an understanding of the structures and properties of stars, star clusters, and interstellar matter within the framework of modern concepts of stellar evolution. Studies range from the formation of stars in giant molecular clouds through the evolution of normal stars to the late stages of stellar evolution, supernova explosions, gravitational collapse, and the formation of neutron stars and black holes. Also studied are the astrophysical processes that make these structures visible to us, especially the roles of gravitation, the interaction of matter and radiation, and nucleosynthesis in the structure and evolution of stars. P. Vandervoort. Winter. L: J. Truran. Winter.

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120. Introduction to Astrophysics III. PQ: PhySci 119 or consent of instructor. This course considers what is known about the universe on a large scale. The observational study of galaxies, quasars, clusters of galaxies, X-ray sources, and the cosmic microwave background provides a bridge between the study of stellar evolution and studies of the formation, evolution, and expansion of the universe. The big-bang model and theories of the early evolution of the universe are presented in the context of modern concepts of gravitation and the other fundamental forces of nature and current theories of elementary particles. Lab work shows the relationship between direct measurements and the testing of theories. D. York. Spring. L: P. Palmer. Spring.

202. The Origin and Evolution of the Universe (=Astron 202). PQ: 100-level physical sciences, physics, geophysical sciences, or chemistry sequence. This course discusses how the laws of nature allow us to understand the origin, evolution, and large-scale structure of the universe. After a review of the history of cosmology, we see how discoveries in the twentieth century--the expansion of the universe and the cosmic background radiation--form the basis of the hot big-bang model. Within the context of the big bang, we learn how our universe evolved from the primeval fireball. D.A. Harper. Autumn.

204. Comets and Asteroids (=Astron 204). PQ: 100-level physical sciences or chemistry sequence. Comets have always attracted interest because of their strange--almost eerie--appearance in the night sky. In contrast, asteroids, which are so faint that the brightest was not discovered until 1801, seemed to be less important members of the solar system--until we realized that one could wipe out life on earth. We know that because of their small size, comets and asteroids carry with them important clues about the formation of the solar system, clues that were long ago erased on the planets by weather. In this course, we take a somewhat historical approach to the study of comets and the class of asteroids that may derive from them. P. Palmer. Winter.

290. Science at the Frontier. Class limited to fifteen students. This seminar provides College students with an opportunity to learn about ongoing scientific research. By studying several University of Chicago research groups in the physical sciences, students learn about the questions that motivate scientists, how financing is obtained, the sociology of the scientific culture, and the role scientific research plays in a broader societal context (e.g., training of scientists and engineers). Emphasis is placed on learning to communicate scientific concepts to a general audience. M. S. Turner, D. Steele. Winter.

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