BIOS 10130. Core Biology 2010. 100 Units.

What is life? How does it work and evolve? This course uses student-centered interactive learning in the lab, assigned readings from both the popular press and primary scientific literature, and directed writing exercises to explore the nature and functions of living organisms, their interactions with each other, and their environment.

Terms Offered: Autumn, Winter, Spring

BIOS 10450. Pharmacological Perspectives in Cell and Molecular Biology. 100 Units.

This course introduces concepts related to the use, pharmacodynamic properties, manner in which drugs act at the molecular and/or cellular level, and their effects at the organismal level.

Instructor(s): R. Zaragoza     Terms Offered: Winter

BIOS 10451. Pharmacological Perspectives II. 100 Units.

The goal of this course is to learn the pharmacological principles by which drugs act, at the molecular and cellular level, to affect an organ/organ systems of the human body.  The pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetic, pharmacotherapeutics and toxicology of a number of drugs are discussed.  Drugs currently in the media, how these drugs affect different systems ranging from cardiovascular to the central nervous system, and the fundamental basis for the use of drugs are covered.

Instructor(s): R. Zaragoza     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10450

BIOS 10500. Metabolism and Exercise. 100 Units.

Must be taken in sequence with BIOS 10501. This course examines the flow of energy through the human body—from what we eat to what we can do. Basic physiology, metabolism, and exercise concepts are covered from cells to systems. Students should be prepared to alter their diet and/or physical activity. This course is intended to be followed by BIOS 10501 (Metabolism and Nutrition).

Instructor(s): M. Osadjan     Terms Offered: Autumn

BIOS 10501. Metabolism and Nutrition. 100 Units.

Must be taken in sequence with BIOS 10500. Taking a scientific approach to nutrition, this course covers nutritional requirements and why they are required for human health by exploring their function at the cellular and molecular level. Basic physiology concepts related to nutritional health are covered, including digestive physiology and some aspects of endocrinology. As a continuation of the exercise concepts covered in BIOS 10501, the relationship between exercise and nutrition is considered. Students complete a dietary analysis of their food intake to critique their individual nutritional health.

Instructor(s): P. Strieleman     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10500
Note(s): Credit may not be earned for both BIOS 10501 and BIOS 12114

BIOS 10602. Multiscale Modeling of Biological Systems I. 100 Units.

This course is intended for students with strong quantitative background, such as those majoring in physical sciences or economics. The two-quarter sequence will begin with the molecular level and proceed to progressively larger scales, ending up with populations. The goal is to apply quantitative and computational tools, ranging from networks and bioinformatics algorithms, to contemporary biological questions and to understanding new discoveries.

Instructor(s): D. Kondrashov, E. Kovar     Terms Offered: Autumn. L.
Prerequisite(s): MATH 13300/15300/16300 or equivalent placement

BIOS 10603. Multiscale Modeling of Biological Systems II. 100 Units.

This course is intended for students with strong quantitative background, such as those majoring in physical sciences or economics. The two-quarter sequence will begin with the molecular level and proceed to progressively larger scales, ending up with populations. The goal is to apply quantitative and computational tools, ranging from networks and bioinformatics algorithms, to contemporary biological questions and to understanding new discoveries.

Instructor(s): D. Kondrashov, E. Kovar     Terms Offered: Winter. L.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10602. MATH 13300/15300/16300 or equivalent placement

BIOS 11119. The Biology of Gender. 100 Units.

This course explores the biological evidence and theories that seek to explain gender in humans. This course relies on current research in neuroscience, physiology, and cell biology to address topics such as the genetics of gender; sexual differentiation of the fetus; sexually dimorphic brain regions; the biology of gender identity and gender preference; and hormonal/environmental contributions to gender.

Instructor(s): M. Osadjan     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130
Equivalent Course(s): GNDR 12000

BIOS 11125. Life through a Genomic Lens. 100 Units.

The implications of the double helical structure of DNA triggered a revolution in cell biology. More recently, the technology to sequence vast stretches of DNA has offered new vistas in fields ranging from human origins to the study of biodiversity. This course considers a set of these issues, including the impact of a DNA perspective on the legal system, on medicine, and on conservation biology.

Instructor(s): A. Turkewitz, M. Nobreg     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130
Equivalent Course(s): ENST 12402

BIOS 11128. Introduction to Human Genetics. 100 Units.

This course covers both classical Mendelian human genetics and advances in molecular genetics. We discuss the inheritance of normal human traits and a variety of genetic diseases, including single gene traits and multifactorial, complex traits. Other topics include chromosome abnormalities, sex inheritance, human population genetics, and microevolution.

Instructor(s): T. Christianson     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 11129. Human Use and Abuse of Biological Molecules. 100 Units.

This course explores the science (molecular, microbial, and evolutionary) as well as some environmental, medical, and ethical issues associated with our use of biological molecules.  Antibiotics and pesticides server as case studies.

Instructor(s): S. Crosson, A. Fiebig     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 11140. Biotechnology for the 21st Century. 100 Units.

This course is designed to provide a stimulating introduction to the world of biotechnology. Starting with an overview of the basic concepts of molecular biology and genetics that serve as a foundation for biotechnology, the course will segue into the various applied fields of biotechnology. Topics will include microbial biotechnology, agricultural biotechnology, biofuels, cloning, bioremediation, medical biotechnology, DNA fingerprinting and forensics. The goal of this course is to provide the Biology non-majors with an appreciation of important biotechnology breakthroughs and the associated bioethics issues

Instructor(s): N. Bhasin     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 12107. Cell Biology of Physiological Stress. 100 Units.

This course studies the application of cell biology principles to physiological stress. We use paradigms (e.g., fasting) to talk about organ interactions (e.g., the Cori cycle). This includes discussions of receptors, kinases, and other cellular biology.

Instructor(s): M. Musch     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 12114. Nutritional Science. 100 Units.

This course examines the underlying biological mechanisms of nutrient utilization in humans and the scientific basis for setting human nutritional requirements. The relationships between food choices and human health are also explored. Students consider how to assess the validity of scientific research that provides the basis for advice about how to eat healthfully. Class assignments are designed to help students apply their knowledge by critiquing their nutritional lifestyle, nutritional health claims, and/or current nutrition policy issues.

Instructor(s): P. Strieleman     Terms Offered: Winter, Spring, Summer
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130
Note(s): Credit may not be earned for both BIOS 12114 and BIOS 10501

BIOS 12115. Responses of Cardiopulmonary System to Stress. 100 Units.

This course discusses basic concepts involved in the functioning of the cardiopulmonary system, followed by various types of patho-physiological stresses experienced by the lungs and heart. We discuss how these systems adapt to stress conditions by turning on "emergency response" mechanisms at the molecular, cell, tissue, and organ levels. We also discuss current strategies and drugs designed to treat maladaptive changes taking place in the heart and lungs under stress.

Instructor(s): M. Gupta, K. Birukov     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 12116. The Human Body in Health and Disease. 100 Units.

This course is designed to provide an overview of physiological organ systems under different states of health and disease. A comprehensive tour through the human body will take students through the anatomy and functioning of several systems including, but not limited to, the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, renal, gastrointestinal, and immune systems. We will examine each of these systems under normal conditions and from the perspective of disease. A variety of pathological conditions including diabetes, heart and kidney diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and autoimmune diseases, will be covered with an emphasis on how many diseases involve multiple organ systems.

Instructor(s): M. McNulty     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 12117. The 3.5 Billion Year History of the Human Body. 100 Units.

This course looks at the structure, function, and deep history of the human body. Each major organ and system of the body is explored from perspectives of anatomy, paleontology, and developmental genetics to reveal the deep history of the body and our connections to the rest of life on the planet.

Instructor(s): N. Shubin     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 12118. The Descent of Man: Human Health across the Ages. 100 Units.

This course examines the relationship between human health, lifestyles, and environment.  How have agriculture, urbanization, and industrialization affected human health?  We discuss measures of heath among hunting and gathering societies, after the development of agriculture and large settlements, at the dawn of the city, and in contemporary industrialized and developing societies.  Topics include diet, malnutrition, malaria, the bubonic plague, sanitation, pollution, the obesity epidemic, stress, and sleep.

Instructor(s): K. Knutson     Terms Offered: Winter. Offered every other year in odd years
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 13107. Environmental Ecology. 100 Units.

This course emphasizes basic scientific understanding of ecological principles that relate most closely to the ways humans interact with their environments. It includes lectures on the main environmental pressures, notably human population growth, disease, pollution, climate change, habitat destruction, and harvesting. We emphasize the ongoing impacts on the natural world, particularly causes of population regulation and extinction and how they might feed back on to humans. Discussion required.

Instructor(s): T. Price     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): NTSC 10300
Equivalent Course(s): ENST 12404,NTSC 10400

BIOS 13109. Ecology. 100 Units.

Ecology is the study of the distribution and abundance of organisms. This course highlights key themes in ecology (e.g., how the environment affects species, evaluating the viability of populations, the implications for interactions among species, and the function of ecosystems). Emphasis is placed on how ecological information is being applied in the area of conservation biology and global change research.

Instructor(s): C. Pfister
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 13111. Natural History of North American Deserts. 100 Units.

This lecture course focuses on the ecological communities of the Southwest, primarily on the four subdivisions of the North American Desert, the Chihuahuan, Sonoran, Mohave, and Great Basin Deserts. Lecture topics include climate change and the impact on the flora and fauna of the region; adaptations to arid landscapes; evolutionary, ecological, and conservation issues in the arid Southwest, especially relating to isolated mountain ranges; human impacts on the biota, land, and water; and how geological and climatic forces shape deserts.

Instructor(s): E. Larsen     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 13112. Natural History of North American Deserts: Field School. 100 Units.

This lecture/lab course is the same course as BIOS 13111, but includes a lab section preparatory to a two-week field trip at end of Spring Quarter, specific dates to be announced. Our goal in the lab is to prepare proposals for research projects to conduct in the field portion of this course. Field conditions are rugged. Travel is by twelve-passenger van. Lodging during most of this course is tent camping on developed campsites.

Instructor(s): E. Larsen     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor

BIOS 13115. From So Simple a Beginning: Evolution. 100 Units.

This course discusses a wide range of biological and geological phenomena in the light of evolutionary theory. The material is presented in the form of scientific inquiry to provide insight into how we know what we know. Concepts are presented using examples relevant to the human condition and human evolution. The diversity of organisms is demonstrated throughout the course in the lectures, using living and preserved specimens. Practical sessions in the Evolving Planet exhibit of the Field Museum required.

Instructor(s): P. Sierwald, R. Bieler     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): PQ: BIOS 10130

BIOS 13123. Evolution of the Natural World III: Biological Evolution. 100 Units.

This course is an introduction to evolutionary processes and patterns in present-day organisms and in the fossil record and how they are shaped by biological and physical forces. Topics emphasize evolutionary principles. They include DNA and the genetic code, the genetics of populations, the origins of species, and evolution above the species level. We also discuss major events in the history of life, such as the origin of complex cells, invasion of land, and mass extinction. (L)

Instructor(s): D. Jablonski     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): For students in the NTSC sequence: MATH 10600, or placement into MATH 13100 or higher; NTSC 10200. For students in the BIOS sequence: MATH 10600, or placement into MATH 13100 or higher; BIOS 10130
Equivalent Course(s): NTSC 10300

BIOS 13125. Ecology and the Environment. 100 Units.

This course introduces the principles of ecology and environmental biology. Focusing on both studies of wild populations of plants and animals as well as human ecology, we discuss population growth, the distribution and abundance of species, and conservation biology. Other topics include such current environmental issues as climate change, invasive species, and resource use. This course is intended for students who are not majoring in biological sciences or who are seeking an introductory understanding of ecology and environmental biology.

Instructor(s): S. Pruett-Jones     Terms Offered: Summer
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 13126. Tropical Ecology: Biodiversity and Human Impacts. 100 Units.

This course covers the description of the geographic distribution of the tropics, the nature of biological communities found there in contrast with temperate communities, and the interrelations of those communities with human society, both indigenous and global. Conservation of tropical biodiversity and ecosystem services related to human populations and exploitation of resources is a major theme of the course.

Instructor(s): E. Larsen     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 13128. Plant-Animal Interactions. 100 Units.

In this course we investigate the ecological interactions between plants and animals, and their evolution. Through readings and discussion we explore herbivory and mutualisms (pollination, seed dispersal). How do plants defend themselves against herbivores? How have plants and their seed dispersers, pollinators, and predators co-evolved?

Instructor(s): A. Hunter     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 13131. Chicago's Natural History: Where is it, What is it, and There it Goes! 100 Units.

In this course you will explore the organisms of the Chicago region, and learn how to identify major groups of organisms: animal phyla and some orders and classes, plant divisions and higher plant families. The identification principles will be useful beyond Chicago as well. The class will combine field and lab exercises in sampling and identification, and lectures on the ecology and evolution of the organisms, with an emphasis on species native to the region. Be prepared to work outdoors and walk around Hyde Park, carrying a net and with binoculars on, in all sorts of weather. L.

Instructor(s): A. Hunter     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 13140. The Public and Private Lives of Insects. 100 Units.

This course examines the ecology and evolution of insects, from their early evolution over 350 million years ago to their adaptations that allow them to exploit nearly every habitat on earth and become the most diverse animal group on the planet. We explore the basic biology of insects that have allowed them to become the largest group of animals on the planet, making up approximately 1.5 million of the 2 million described species.

Instructor(s): E. Larsen     Terms Offered: Autumn, Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 14112. Workings of the Human Brain: From Brain to Behavior. 100 Units.

This course examines how the brain generates behavior. Topics include the organization of the nervous system; the mechanisms by which the brain translates external stimuli into electrical and chemical signals to initiate or modify behavior; and the neurological bases of learning, memory, sleep, cognition, drug addiction, and neurological disorders.

Instructor(s): M. McNulty     Terms Offered: Winter, Summer
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130, Neurobiology section taught by M. McNulty.

BIOS 14114. Drugs Galore: What They Are and What They Do To You. 100 Units.

The course will cover several drugs used and abused (such as alcohol, ritalin, adderall, cannabinoids), their targets and pharmacological actions.

Instructor(s): R. Zaragoza     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 15106. Plagues: Past and Present. 100 Units.

This course explores selected examples of ancient, re-emerging, and emerging pathogens in the context of biology, as well as epidemiology and the selective pressures that influence the spread and control of epidemics. Emphasis is placed on the biological basis of how microbes gain access to and cause damage in their hosts and the struggle between the pathogen and the host's immune system. Students also gain an understanding of the basis for diagnostic procedures, treatments, and immunization. Discussion sessions required in addition to lectures.

Instructor(s): S. Boyle-Vavra     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 15114. Eliminating Infectious Disease. 100 Units.

Infectious diseases are a major cause of human deaths globally, yet many are preventable and curable. Why are people still dying? What would it take to prevent, cure, and ultimately eliminate infectious disease? By focusing on the major killers of our time (i.e., lower respiratory infections, AIDS, diarrheal diseases, tuberculosis, and malaria), we learn from past successes and failures, while exploring novel approaches and technologies. This course takes a multi-faceted approach, considering both biological (i.e., genetics, evolution, ecology) and nonbiological (i.e., sociological, economic) factors.

Instructor(s): I. Pavlova     Terms Offered: Autumn, Winter, Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 15115. Cancer Biology: How Good Cells Go Bad. 100 Units.

This lecture/discussion course examines the multi-step process by which normal cells become malignant cancer cells. Topics include how defects in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis can occur in cancer cells, as well as how cancer cells can acquire the ability to attract blood vessels (angiogenesis) and to invade other organ systems (metastasis). We emphasize the study of signal transduction pathways and how they are altered in cancer cells. The concept of genes that cause cancer (oncogenes) and genes that deter cancer (tumor suppressor genes) is discussed. New disease treatments that target specific molecular defects within cancer cells are reviewed.

Instructor(s): M. Villereal     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 15119. Immunology: Light and Tasty. 100 Units.

The goal of this course is to familiarize students with the properties of the immune system, with a focus on responses to infections. The material is presented in a series of lectures, and learning is reinforced through reading and discussing relevant current literature. The first half of the course focuses on the cellular and molecular aspects of the immune system. The second half focuses on how the various components are integrated during the response to infectious agents. The flu (including H1N1) and HIV are used as examples.

Instructor(s): B. Fineschi     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 15121. Microbes Rule the World. 100 Units.

Microbes are everywhere inside and on you and other organisms, and in extreme environments where other organisms rarely or never (!) go. Microscopic as they are, they have a huge influence for the global environment (e.g. global cycles, climate, pollution), for agriculture (e.g., fertility of soil, cow productivity, health of plants and animals), industry (e.g., food and chemistry products, energy sources), and human health (e.g., infectious & chronic diseases). As a result, they have a huge influence on global issues: global health, global economies, and global politics. Understanding microbial influences will help you make more informed decisions for yourself, as a citizen, and perhaps professionally (e.g., as an economist, politician, or social scientist).

Instructor(s): I. Pavlova     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 10130

BIOS 20150. A Serious Introduction to Biology for Majors: From LUCA to the University of Chicago. 100 Units.

Biology is the study of life, an emergent, ordered state of matter that evolved on planet earth some 3.5 billion years ago from prebiotic biomolecules that assembled into the last common ancestor of the three major branches of the tree of life (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes) that gave rise under natural selection to all known organisms.  Life exists and thrives in ecosystems that support the metabolic programs that generate the energy required to create and maintain cellular structure and function.  Biologists study all forms of life both past and extant, and the ecosystems that support them, from unicellular microorganisms to the highly evolved human animal with infiniizing needs.  Biological knowledge and its societal impact have increased dramatically in the last decade, making this an exciting, challenging, and rewarding time to be a biologist.  This course prepares students for the rigorous and exciting curricular options available to them in the BSCD.  It includes a scientific writing program.

Instructor(s): J. Quintans, M. McNulty, Staff     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 10100-10200 or CHEM 11100-11200 or CHEM 12100-12200

BIOS 20151. Introduction to Quantitative Modeling in Biology (Basic) 100 Units.

The goal for this course is to give future biologists the quantitative tools to be informed consumers and producers of modern biological research.  We build on the mathematical background of two quarters of calculus and learn to construct dynamical models for population growth, spread of epidemics, pharamcokinetics, and others.  The students also learn statistical tools for quantifying uncertainty, such as estimation and hypothesis testing, to use for biological data analysis.  Students use Excel to work with data and implement mathematical models.

Instructor(s): D. Kondrashov     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): MATH placement of 13100 of 15100 AND CHEM 10100-10200 or CHEM 11100-11200 or CHEM 12100-12200. First-year Biology Major standing only.

BIOS 20152. Introduction to Quantitative Modeling in Biology (Advanced) 100 Units.

The goal for this course is to give future biologists the quantitative tools to be informed consumers and producers of modern biological research.  We build on the mathematical background of two quarters of calculus and learn to construct dynamical models for population growth, spread of epidemics, pharamcokinetics, and others.  The students also learn statistical tools for quantifying uncertainty, such as estimation and hypothesis testing, to use for biological data analysis.  Students use Excel to work with data and implement mathematical models

Instructor(s): D. Kondrashov     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): MATH placement of 15200 or higher AND and CHEM 10100-10200 or CHEM 11100-11200 or CHEM 12100-12200. First-year Biology Major standing only.

BIOS 20170. Human Cell Biology. 100 Units.

This course will cover cellular and molecular biology concepts that play a fundamental role in living systems including macromolecules, their role in cell structure, organization and function, as well as cellular processes from DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation, to Metabolism and cell division and the role of these processes in maintaining living cells.

Instructor(s): R. Zaragoza     Terms Offered: Winter. L.
Prerequisite(s): First-year standing

BIOS 20171. Human Genetics and Developmental Biology. 100 Units.

This course covers the fundamentals of genetics, with an emphasis on human traits and diseases. Topics include Mendelian genetics, simple and complex traits, genetic diseases, the human genome, and testing for human traits and diseases. After establishing a foundation in genetics, we will discuss mechanisms underlying differentiation and development in humans. We will focus on events that lead to gastrulation and the establishment of the body plan (how humans develop from an unpatterned egg into a recognizable human form). Other topics may include limb development and stem cell biology.

Instructor(s): T. Christianson, C. Schonbaum     Terms Offered: Spring. L.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20170

BIOS 20172. Mathematical Modeling for Pre-Med Students I. 100 Units.

This course is an introduction to Biostatistics with the goal of providing the future health professionals the powerful tools of data analysis used in modern biological research. We learn how to make good graphical displays as the beginning point of any data analysis. The students also learn statistical tools for quantifying uncertainty, such as estimation and hypothesis testing. We will use a computer statistical package for data analysis. This course does not demand knowledge of mathematics beyond simple algebra.

Instructor(s): E. Haddadian     Terms Offered: Spring. L.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20170

BIOS 20173. Human Physiology. 100 Units.

This course will explore the structure and function of the human body as a set of integrated, interdependent systems. We will continue the cellular, genetic, and developmental themes of the previous courses to explore the emergent functions of the human body, from cells to systems. The laboratory exercises will allow the students to experience the concepts discussed in lecture in a way that introduces them to the methods of academic research.

Instructor(s): M. Osadjan     Terms Offered: Winter. L.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20170, BIOS 20171, BIOS 20172, BIOS 20174, BIOS 20175

BIOS 20174. Mathematical Modeling for Pre-med Students II. 100 Units.

The second part of this course will cover more advanced topics in statistics such as regression and correlation. Also, the students will be introduced to dynamical models for population growth, spread of epidemics, pharamcokinetics, and others.

Instructor(s): E. Haddadian     Terms Offered: Autumn. L.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20171, BIOS 20172

BIOS 20175. Biochemistry and Nutrition. 100 Units.

The course examines the chemical characteristics of the six nutrients carbohydrate, lipid, protein, water, vitamin, mineral and their roles and interrelationships in cellular metabolism. How appropriate level of nutrient intake is determined will be considered along with the effect both excesses and deficiencies have on the individual at the cellular and organismal level and on the incidence of selected chronic diseases.

Instructor(s): P. Strieleman, E. Kovar     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20170, BIOS 20171, BIOS 20172

BIOS 20186. Fundamentals of Cell and Molecular Biology. 100 Units.

This course is an introduction to molecular and cellular biology that emphasizes the unity of cellular processes amongst all living organisms. Topics are the structure, function, and synthesis of nucleic acids and protein; structure and function of cell organelles and extracellular matrices; energetics; cell cycle; cells in tissues and cell-signaling; temporal organization and regulation of metabolism; regulation of gene expression; and altered cell functions in disease states.

Instructor(s): Variant A: G. Lamppa, A. Imamoto, T Christianson. Variant B: L. Mets, B. Glick, C. Schonbaum.     Terms Offered: Autumn. L.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20150 and BIOS 20151. Second year standing or above. An average grade of C or higher in, and completion of, CHEM 10100-10200-10300 or CHEM 11100-11200-11300 or CHEM 12100-12200-12300, a 5 on the AP Chemistry exam, or consent of the department.

BIOS 20187. Fundamentals of Genetics. 100 Units.

The goal of this course is to integrate recent developments in molecular genetics and the human genome project into the structure of classical genetics. Topics include Mendelian inheritance, linkage, tetrad analysis, DNA polymorphisms, human genome, chromosome aberrations and their molecular analysis, bacterial and virus genetics, regulatory mechanisms, DNA cloning, mechanism of mutation and recombination, and transposable elements.

Instructor(s): Variant A: D. Bishop, J. Malamy, T. Christianson. Winter. Variant B: I Ruvinsky, B. Lahn, C. Schonbaum. Winter. L..     Terms Offered: Winter. L.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20186

BIOS 20188. Fundamentals of Physiology. 100 Units.

This course focuses on the physiological problems that animals (including humans) face in natural environments; solutions to these problems that the genome encodes; and the emergent physiological properties of the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and organismal levels of organization. Lectures and labs emphasize physiological reasoning, problem solving, and current research.

Instructor(s): D. McGehee, D. Hanck, M. Osadjan, C. Andrews     Terms Offered: Spring. L.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20187

BIOS 20189. Fundamentals of Developmental Biology. 100 Units.

This course covers both the classical experiments that contributed to our understanding of developmental biology and the recent explosion of information about development made possible by a combination of genetic and molecular approaches. Examples from both vertebrate and invertebrate systems are used to illustrate underlying principles of animal development.

Instructor(s): A. Imamoto, R. Ho, C. Schonbaum     Terms Offered: Spring. L.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20187

BIOS 20234-20235-20236. Molecular Biology of the Cell; Biological Systems; Biological Dynamics.

BIOS 20242. Principles of Physiology. 100 Units.

Students preparing for the health professions must take BIOS 20235 and 20242 in sequence. This course focuses on the physiological problems that animals (including humans) face in natural environments; solutions to these problems that the genome encodes; and the emergent physiological properties of the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and organismal levels of organization. We emphasize physiological reasoning, problem solving, and current research.

Instructor(s): M. Feder L.     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20235 or consent of instructor

BIOS 20200. Introduction to Biochemistry. 100 Units.

This course meets the biochemistry requirement in the biological sciences major. This course examines the chemical nature of cellular components, enzymes, and mechanisms of enzyme activity, energy interconversion, and biosynthetic reactions. Strong emphasis is given to control and regulation of metabolism through macromolecular interactions.

Instructor(s): M. Makinen, P. Strieleman, L.      Terms Offered: Autumn, Spring, Summer
Prerequisite(s): Completion of a Biological Sciences fundamentals sequence with an average grade of C and CHEM 22000-22100/23100 with an average grade of C.

BIOS 21206. Human Evolution and Disease. 100 Units.

The goal of this course is to provide an evolutionary perspective on the molecular genetic bases of human diseases and non-clinical human traits.  The course covers fundamental concepts and recent progress in Mendelian and complex trait mapping, as well as evolutionary principles as they apply to genomics analyses of DNA sequence variation in human populations.  These topics are introduced through lectures and are complements by discussion and student presentations of original research papers.

Instructor(s): A. Di Rienzo     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Second-year standing; BIOS 20182, 20192, BIOS 20187, or BIOS 20235

BIOS 21207. Cell Biology. 100 Units.

Third- or fourth-year standing. This course covers fundamental concepts in gene expression and RNA processing, and then focuses on ribosome dynamics, regulation of protein synthesis and turnover, chaperone and proteasome functions, RNA and protein shuttling in and out of the nucleus, trafficking to different cellular compartments, cytoskeleton structures, movement through the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi, mitochondrial and chloroplast biogenesis, signaling pathways from the cell surface to the nucleus, cell-cell interactions, and apoptosis. Experimental approaches in cell biology are emphasized. Students participate in discussions on specialized topics based on original research reviews.

Instructor(s): G. Lamppa     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20200 or equivalent

BIOS 21208. Fundamentals of Molecular Biology. 100 Units.

This course covers the structure of genetic material, chromatin, replication, DNA repair and transcription, including its regulation, RNA processing, post-transcriptional regulation, and protein synthesis. Third- or fourth-year standing is required for undergraduates; any graduate student may enroll.

Instructor(s): U. Storb, J. Staley     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Basic knowledge of genetics and biochemistry
Equivalent Course(s): BCMB 31000,GENE 31000,MGCB 31000

BIOS 21216. Intro Statistical Genetics. 100 Units.

This course focuses on genetic models for compex human disorders and quantitative traits. Topics covered also include linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping and genetic models for complex traits, and the explicit and implicit assumptions of such models. Winter

Equivalent Course(s): HGEN 47100,GENE 47100

BIOS 21229. Genome Informatics: How Cells Reorganize Genomes. 100 Units.

This course deals with the molecular and cellular basis of genetic change. We discuss DNA repair functions, mutator loci, induced mutation, mechanisms of homologous recombination and gene conversion, site-specific recombination, transposable elements and DNA rearrangements, reverse transcription and retrotransposons, transposable vector systems for making transgenic organisms, and genetic engineering of DNA sequences in antibody formation. Discussion section required.

Instructor(s): J. Shapiro     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20182 or 20192 or 20187

BIOS 21236. Genetics of Model Organisms. 100 Units.

A small number of organisms have been chosen for extensive study by biologists. The popularity of these organisms derives largely from the fact that their genomes can be easily manipulated, allowing sophisticated characterization of biological function. This course covers modern methods for genetic analysis in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), plants (Arabidopsis thaliana), and mice (Mus musculus). Case studies demonstrate how particular strengths of each system have been exploited to understand such processes as genetic recombination, pattern formation, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression.

Instructor(s): D. Bishop, J. Malamy, E. Ferguson, A. Palmer     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20182 or 20192 or 20187

BIOS 21237. Developmental Mechanisms. 100 Units.

This course provides an overview of the fundamental questions of developmental biology, with particular emphasis on the genetic, molecular and cell biological experiments that have been employed to reach mechanistic answers to these questions.  Topics covered will include formation of the primary body axes, the role of local signaling interactions in regulating cell fate and proliferation, the cellular basis of morphogenesis, and stem cells.  The discussion section covers selected papers from the literature and focuses on the critical evaluation of experimental evidence.

Instructor(s): E. Ferguson, R. Fehon     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20182, 20192, 20187, or 20235
Equivalent Course(s): DVBI 36400,MGCB 36400

BIOS 21249. Organization, Expression, and Transmission of Genome Information. 100 Units.

This seminar course examines how genomes are organized for coding sequence expression and transmission to progeny cells. The class discusses a series of key papers in the following areas: bacterial responses to external stimuli and genome damage, control of eukaryotic cell differentiation, complex loci regulating developmental expression in animals, centromere structure and function, position effect variegation, chromatin domains, chromatin remodeling, RNAi, and chromatin formatting.

Instructor(s): J. Shapiro     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Completion of a Biological Sciences Fundamentals sequence. Recommended for AP5 students

BIOS 21306. Human Genetics and Evolution. 100 Units.

Open only to students with advanced standing who are majoring in the biological sciences or preparing for the medical professions. This course deals with issues in genetics of variations within, as well as between, modern human populations. Normal genetic variations and the genetic basis of human diseases are explored with an emphasis at the molecular level. We stress understanding the fundamental concepts of genetics and evolution using mainly, but not exclusively, human studies as examples. Genome organization, genetic mapping, population genetic theories, and molecular evolution of humans are covered.

Instructor(s): C.-I. Wu     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20180s or 20190s, or consent of instructor

BIOS 21317. Topics in Biological Chemistry. 100 Units.

Required of students who are majoring in biological chemistry. This course examines a variety of biological problems from a chemical and structural perspective, with an emphasis on molecular machines. Topics include macromolecular structure-function relationships, DNA synthesis and repair, RNA folding and function, protein synthesis, targeting and translocation, molecular motors, membrane proteins, photosynthesis, and mechanisms of signal transduction. Computer graphics exercises and in-class journal clubs complement the lecture topics.

Instructor(s): P. Rice, R. Keenan     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20200

BIOS 21328. Biophysics of Biomolecules. 100 Units.

This course covers the properties of proteins, RNA, and DNA, as well as their interactions. We emphasize the interplay between structure, thermodynamics, folding, and function at the molecular level. Topics include cooperativity, linked equilibrium, hydrogen exchange, electrostatics, diffusion, and binding.

Instructor(s): T. Sosnick     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): BCMB 32200,BPHS 31000

BIOS 21338. Epithelial Cell Biology. 100 Units.

This course provides a fundamental understanding of epithelial cell biology and pathobiology. Topics include the molecular mechanisms that drive polarization, apical and basolateral sorting, cell-cell and cell–matrix interactions, and disease states of epithelial cells (e.g., cancer, ischemia).

Instructor(s): K. Goss, K. Matlin, P. Bouyer     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): A Fundamentals Sequence (BIOS 20180s or 20190s, or AP 5 sequence)
Equivalent Course(s): CABI 34000,CPHY 34000

BIOS 21339. From Structure Coordinates to Protein Function. 100 Units.

The course uses the atomic coordinate of proteins to explore how molecular machinery work in the context of physiological functions (vision, fight or flight) and human diseases (cancer). We begin by exploring protein components that make up the signal transduction pathway and how these components are assembled for the various physiological functions of humans. We then proceed to consider the physical properties of proteins. We conclude by discussing the protein-targeted therapeutics of human diseases. Computer graphic exercises and in-class student presentations complement the lecture topics.

Instructor(s): W.-J. Tang     Terms Offered: Winter. L.
Prerequisite(s): Completion of a Biological Sciences Fundamentals sequence. Biochemistry strongly recommended. Recommended for AP5 students.
Equivalent Course(s): CABI 40700,NURB 40700

BIOS 21346. Systems Analysis of Proteins and Post-Translational Modifications. 100 Units.

Proteins play a major role in all cellular processes and their modification represents a major vehicle for expanding the genetic code of the cellular proteome (the inventory of all protein species in a cell). Given the crucial roles in the major cellular pathways and diseases such as cancer, proteins and PTM studies are a critical aspect of most biological projects. This course will cover concepts (including biochemistry, proteomics/systems biology, molecular biology, and bioinformatics), and practical techniques for identifying and quantifying proteins and PTMs. Topics include, but are not limited to quantification of protein interactions, abundances, modifications including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and lysine acetylation, and subsequent discussion of biochemical and functional roles of proteins and PTMs in regulating biological networks.

Instructor(s): R. Jones, Y. Zhao, P. Nash     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20200
Equivalent Course(s): CABI 40300,IMMU 40300,MOMN 40300

BIOS 21356. Vertebrate Developmental Biology. 100 Units.

This advanced-level course combines lectures, student presentations, and discussion sessions.  It covers major topics on the developmental biology of embryos (e.g. formation of the germ line, gastrulation, segmentation, nervous system development, limb pattering, organogenesis).  We make extensive use of the primary literature and emphasize experimental approaches (e.g. classical embryology, genetics, molecular genetics).

Instructor(s): V. Prince, K. Sharma     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20180s or 20190, or AP 5 sequence
Equivalent Course(s): DVBI 35600,MGCB 35600

BIOS 21357. Extracellular Matrices: Chemistry and Biology. 100 Units.

This course covers advanced topics dealing with the biology and chemistry of the extracellular matrix, cell-matrix interactions, and current methodologies for engineering these interfaces.

Instructor(s): J. Collier, M. Mrksich, M. Gardel, K. Matlin     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20180s or 20190s, AP 5 sequence, or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): MPMM 33000

BIOS 21358. Simulation, Modeling, and Computation in Biophysics. 100 Units.

This course develops skills for modeling biomolecular systems.  Fundamental knowledge covers basic statistical mechanics, free energy, and kinetic concepts.  Tools include molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations, random walk and diffusion equations, and methods to generate random Gaussian and Poisson distributors.  A term project involves writing a small program that simulates a process.  Familiarity with a programming language or Mathlab would be valuable.

Instructor(s): B. Roux     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20200 and Bios 26210-26212, or consent from instructor
Equivalent Course(s): BCMB 31358,CPNS 31358

BIOS 21407. Image Processing in Biology. 100 Units.

Whether one is trying to read radio signals from faraway galaxies or to understand molecular structures, it is necessary to understand how to read, interpret, and process the data that contain the desired information. In this course, we learn how to process the information contained in images of molecules as seen in the electron microscope. We also deal with the principles involved in processing electron microscope images, including the underlying analytical methods and their computer implementation.

Instructor(s): R. Josephs     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): One year of calculus
Equivalent Course(s): MGCB 34300

BIOS 21408. Biological Physics, Chemistry and Engineering. 100 Units.

This interdisciplinary seminar course is designed to prepare students for research at the interface of the biological sciences, physical sciences and engineering. Topics are selected based on papers recently published by colleagues at the University of Chicago, allowing students to meet and interact with authors and to explore examples of approaches drawn from the quantitative sciences and applied as powerful tools to understand biological systems. Working in groups, the students master the contents of each paper. They then conduct critical reviews, both in class and by writing essays. Through lab demonstrations and visits, students are introduced to state-of-the-art research methods and the shared research labs that provide access to key technologies to scientists at the University of Chicago.

Instructor(s): S. Kron     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): First or second-year standing. Any brave soul is welcome. Recommended for AP5 students.

BIOS 21409. Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Function. 100 Units.

Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Function will focus on the regulation and dynamics of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and the fundamental cellular process the cytoskeleton controls including division, motility, polarity, endocytosis, and transport. Equal emphasis will be given to discussing the mechanistically diverse molecular factors that regulate cytoskeletal polymer dynamics, the cellular processes they control, and the array of interdisciplinary strategies researchers utilize to investigate the cytoskeleton including genetics, cell biology, time-lapse fluorescent microscopy, biochemistry and biophysics. Lectures will be combined with reading and discussion of primary research articles to bridge the gap between scientific exploration and knowledge.

Instructor(s): D. Kovar, M. Gupta     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20234 or BIOS 20186 and BIOS 20200, or consent of instructor.

BIOS 21410. Synthetic Biology and Regulation of Genes. 100 Units.

This lecture and lab course will take an empirical approach to understanding gene regulation during development in Drosophila. Topics include synthetic biology, Drosophila embryonic development, gene regulation, and enhancer evolution. Enhancers are short regions of the genome composed of clusters of transcription factor binding sites. Using the even-skipped stripe 2 enhancer as a model system, the class will explore what is currently known about enhancer molecular organization and how it controls gene expression during development. We will then expand upon that knowledge. Using modeling software, students will design their own enhancers. They will then construct these novel sequences using cutting-edge DNA synthesis methods. Finally, students will clone their synthetic enhancers into an expression vector and send the constructs for injection into Drosophila embryos. Reporter patterns generated by the students’ enhancers will be uploaded onto the course website after conclusion of the course. Students who produce usable data may be involved in co-authoring a resulting publication.

Instructor(s): J. Moran, J. Reinitz, U. Schmidt-Ott, M. Kreitman     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20182, 20192, 20187 or 20235. Third or fourth-year standing.

BIOS 22222. Exercise Physiology. 100 Units.

This course is a rigorous exploration of how the cells and systems of the human body function at times of rest and during activity.  The ability of an individual to maintain a stable internal environment during exercise is central to physical endurance and to survival.  This course elucidates many of the physiological adaptations that afford such control.  Students should be prepared to server as test subjects and alter their diet and/or physical activity.

Instructor(s): M. Osadjan     Terms Offered: Summer
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20182 or BIOS 20192, or BIOS 20187
Note(s): This course may substitute for BIOS 20183 or 20193 or 20188 in fulfilling Pre-Med requirements and/or the Biology Fundamentals Sequence.

BIOS 22226. Human Developmental Biology. 100 Units.

This course covers the anatomic and physiologic development of the human from conception to birth, on an organ-by-organ basis. Special attention is paid to the profound physiologic events that take place in the transition from intra-uterine to extra-uterine life. Examples of clinical conditions due to specific errors in development are presented in context. Genetic regulation of organogenesis with reference to mouse models are discussed where the data are available.

Instructor(s): J. Marks     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20183, 20187, 20189, 20193, 20194, 20235, or 20242

BIOS 22233. Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy. 100 Units.

This course covers the structure and function of major anatomical systems of vertebrates. Lectures focus on vertebrate diversity, biomechanics, and behavior (from swimming and feeding to running, flying, seeing, and hearing). Labs involve detailed dissection of animals (muscles, organs, brains) and a focus on skull bones in a broad comparative context from fishes to frogs, turtles, alligators, mammals, birds, and humans. Field trip to Field Museum and visit to medical school lab for human dissection required.

Instructor(s): M. Westneat. L.     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Fundamentals or AP 5 sequence

BIOS 22242. Biological Fluid Mechanics. 100 Units.

Prior physics course required; prior chemistry and calculus courses recommended. This course introduces fluid mechanics and the interactions between biology and the physics of fluid flow (both air and water). Topics range from the fluid mechanics of blood flow to the physics (and biology) of flight in birds and insects.

Instructor(s): M. LaBarbera. L.     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement for the biological sciences
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 34200,ORGB 34200

BIOS 22243. Biomechanics of Organisms. 100 Units.

Prior chemistry, physics, and calculus courses recommended. This course examines how organisms cope with their physical environment, covering the properties of biological materials, mechanical analysis of morphology, and principles of design optimization. We emphasize support systems of organisms but also examine aspects of cardiovascular design. Mechanical properties of biomaterials are analyzed in relation to their underlying biochemical organization and biophysical properties, with mathematical treatment at an introductory level. The lab research project is optional.

Instructor(s): M. LaBarbera. L.     Terms Offered: Winter 2013
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 34300,ORGB 34300

BIOS 22244. Introduction to Invertebrate Biology. 100 Units.

This is a survey of the diversity, structure, and evolution of the invertebrate phyla, with emphasis on the major living and fossil invertebrate groups. Structure-function relationships and the influence of body plans on the evolutionary history of the invertebrate phyla are stressed.

Instructor(s): M. LaBarbera. L.     Terms Offered: Autumn 2014
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 34100

BIOS 22247. Principles of Pharmacology. 100 Units.

This course considers the physiological and biochemical bases of drug actions, common pharmacological methods, and a small set of specific drugs and their targets.

Instructor(s): D. Hanck, P Singleton     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20200

BIOS 22249. Principles of Toxicology. 100 Units.

This course covers basic concepts of toxicology including routes of exposure and uptake, metabolic conversion, and elimination of toxic agents, as well as fundamental laws governing the interaction of external chemicals with biological systems. In addition to toxins of biological origin, we also consider a set of physical and chemical toxicants in the environment, including air pollution, radiation, manufactured chemicals, metals, and pesticides. Methods of risk assessment will also be considered.

Instructor(s): Y-Y He     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 22247

BIOS 22250. Chordates: Evolution and Comparative Anatomy. 100 Units.

Chordate biology emphasizes the diversity and evolution of modern vertebrate life, drawing on a range of sources (from comparative anatomy and embryology to paleontology, biomechanics, and developmental genetics). Much of the work is lab-based, with ample opportunity to gain firsthand experience of the repeated themes of vertebrate body plans, as well as some of the extraordinary specializations manifest in living forms. The instructors, who are both actively engaged in vertebrate-centered research, take this course beyond the boundaries of standard textbook content.

Instructor(s): M. Coates     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Biological Sciences Fundamentals sequence. Recommended for AP5 students.
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 30250,ORGB 33750

BIOS 22256. Evolutionary Developmental Biology. 100 Units.

The purpose of this course is to provide a developmental genetic perspective on evolutionary questions that have emerged in various disciplines (e.g., developmental biology, paleontology, phylogenetic systematics). Topics range from the evolution of gene regulation to the origin of novelties (e.g., eyes, wings). Although these subjects are introduced in lectures, the focus of this course is on reading, presenting, and discussing original research papers.

Instructor(s): U. Schmidt-Ott
Prerequisite(s): Biological Sciences Fundamentals sequence. Recommended for AP5 students.
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 33700,ORGB 33750

BIOS 22260. Vertebrate Structure and Function. 100 Units.

This course is devoted to vertebrate bones and muscles, with a focus on some remarkable functions they perform. The first part takes a comparative look at the vertebrate skeleton via development and evolution, from lamprey to human. The major functional changes are examined as vertebrates adapted to life in the water, on land, and in the air. The second part looks at muscles and how they work in specific situations, including gape-feeding, swimming, leaping, digging, flying, and walking on two legs. Dissection of preserved vertebrate specimens required.

Instructor(s): P. Sereno. L.     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20181-20183 or 20191-20193, or BIOS 20186-20188/20189, or consent of instructor

BIOS 23100. Dinosaur Science. 100 Units.

This introductory-level (but intensive) class includes a ten-day expedition to South Dakota and Wyoming (departing just after graduation). We study basic geology (e.g., rocks and minerals, stratigraphy, Earth history, mapping skills) and basic evolutionary biology (e.g., vertebrate and especially skeletal anatomy, systematics and large-scale evolutionary patterns). This course provides the knowledge needed to discover and understand the meaning of fossils as they are preserved in the field, which is applied to actual paleontological sites. Participants fly from Chicago to Rapid City, and then travel by van to field sites. There they camp, prospect for, and excavate fossils from the Cretaceous and Jurassic Periods. Field trip required.

Instructor(s): P. Sereno. L.     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor and a prior course in general science, preferably geology or biology

BIOS 23232. Ecology and Evolution in the Southwest. 100 Units.

This lecture course focuses on the ecological communities of the Southwest, primarily on the four subdivisions of the North American Desert, the Chihuahuan, Sonoran, Mohave, and Great Basin Deserts. Lecture topics include climate change and the impact on the flora and fauna of the region; adaptations to arid landscapes; evolutionary, ecological, and conservation issues in the arid Southwest, especially relating to isolated mountain ranges; human impacts on the biota, land, and water; and how geological and climatic forces shape deserts.

Instructor(s): E. Larsen     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences, BIOS 20185, or BIOS 20187, or consent of instructor

BIOS 23233. Ecology and Evolution in the Southwest: Field School. 100 Units.

This lecture/lab course is the same course as BIOS 13111, but includes a lab section preparatory to a two-week field trip at end of Spring Quarter, specific dates to be announced. Our goal in the lab is to prepare proposals for research projects to conduct in the field portion of this course. Field conditions are rugged. Travel is by twelve-passenger van. Lodging during most of this course is tent camping on developed campsites.

Instructor(s): E. Larsen     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor

BIOS 23241. Primate Evolution. 100 Units.

This course is the first of three in the Primate Biology and Human Evolution sequence (see also BIOS 23248 and 23253). This course introduces the evolution of nonhuman primates and humans. We focus on taxonomic classification; the use of fossil and genetic evidence for phylogenetic reconstructions; the evolution of primate morphological and physiological characteristics (e.g., body and brain size, skull and skeleton, sense organs, and dietary and reproductive adaptations); the adaptive radiation of Prosimians, New World Monkeys, Old World Monkeys, and apes into their current areas of geographic distribution; and an overview of the hominid fossil record.

Instructor(s): R. Martin, University of Chicago Paris Center     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): ANTH 28105

BIOS 23247. Bioarchaeology and the Human Skeleton. 100 Units.

This course is intended to provide students in archaeology with a thorough understanding of bioanthropological and osteological methods used in the interpretation of prehistoric societies by introducing bioanthropological methods and theory. In particular, lab instruction stresses hands-on experience in analyzing the human skeleton, whereas seminar classes integrate bioanthropological theory and application to specific cases throughout the world. Lab and seminar-format class meet weekly.

Instructor(s): M. C. Lozada     Terms Offered: Winter
Equivalent Course(s): ANTH 28400,ANTH 38800

BIOS 23248. Primate Behavior and Ecology. 100 Units.

This course is the second of three in the Primate Biology and Human Evolution sequence (see also BIOS 23241 and BIOS 23253). This course explores the behavior and ecology of nonhuman primates with emphasis on their natural history and evolution. Specific topics include methods for the study of primate behavior, history of primate behavior research, socioecology, foraging, predation, affiliation, aggression, mating, parenting, development, communication, cognition, and evolution of human behavior.

Instructor(s): D. Maestripieri     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences

BIOS 23249. Animal Behavior. 100 Units.

This course introduces the mechanism, ecology, and evolution of behavior, primarily in nonhuman species, at the individual and group level. Topics include the genetic basis of behavior, developmental pathways, communication, physiology and behavior, foraging behavior, kin selection, mating systems and sexual selection, and the ecological and social context of behavior. A major emphasis is placed on understanding and evaluating scientific studies and their field and lab techniques.

Instructor(s): S. Pruett-Jones (even years), J. Mateo (odd years)     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences
Equivalent Course(s): CHDV 23249,PSYC 23249

BIOS 23252. Field Ecology. 100 Units.

Open only to students who are planning to pursue graduate research. This course introduces habitats and biomes in North America and the methods of organizing and carrying out field research projects in ecology and behavior, focusing on questions of evolutionary significance. A two-week field trip to southern Florida during the Winter/Spring Quarter break consists of informal lectures and discussions, individual study, and group research projects. During Spring Quarter, there are lectures on the ecology of the areas visited and on techniques and methods of field research. Field trip required.

Instructor(s): S. Pruett-Jones     Terms Offered: Spring. This course is offered in alternate (odd) years.
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor

BIOS 23253. Apes and Human Evolution. 100 Units.

This course is a critical examination of the ways in which data on the behavior, morphology, and genetics of apes have been used to elucidate human evolution. We emphasize bipedalism, hunting, meat eating, tool behavior, food sharing, cognitive ability, language, self-awareness, and sociability. Visits to local zoos and museums, film screenings, and demonstrations with casts of fossils and skeletons required.

Instructor(s): R. Tuttle     Terms Offered: Autumn, Spring
Note(s): BIOS 23241 recommended. Autumn course at University of Chicago Center in Paris; Spring course on campus.
Equivalent Course(s): ANTH 28600

BIOS 23254. Mammalian Ecology. 100 Units.

This course introduces the diversity and classification of mammals and their ecological relationships. Lectures cover natural history, evolution, and functional morphology of major taxonomic groups. Lab sessions focus on skeletal morphology, identifying traits of major taxonomic groups, and methods of conducting research in the field. Participation in field trips, occasionally on Saturday, is required.

Instructor(s): E. Larsen     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences and third-year standing; or BIOS 20184 or 20185, or 20187

BIOS 23255. Principles of Paleontology. 100 Units.

The focus of this course is on the nature of the fossil record, the information it provides on patterns and processes of evolution through geologic time, and how it can be used to solve geological and biological problems. Lectures cover the principles of paleontology (e.g., fossilization, classification, morphologic analysis and interpretation, biostratigraphy, paleoecology, macroevolution); labs are systematic, introducing major groups of fossil invertebrates. (L)

Instructor(s): M. Foote      Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100-13200, or completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 26400,EVOL 32300,GEOS 36400

BIOS 23258. Molecular Evolution I: Fundamentals and Principles. 100 Units.

The comparative analysis of DNA sequence variation has become an important tool in molecular biology, genetics, and evolutionary biology. This course covers major theories that form the foundation for understanding evolutionary forces that govern molecular variation, divergence, and genome organization. Particular attention is given to selectively neutral models of variation and evolution, and to alternative models of natural selection. The course provides practical information on accessing genome databases, searching for homologous sequences, aligning DNA and protein sequences, calculating sequence divergence, producing sequence phylogenies, and estimating evolutionary parameters.

Instructor(s): M. Kreitman L.     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Two quarters of biology and calculus, or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): ECEV 44001,EVOL 44001

BIOS 23259. Molecular Evolution II: Genes and Genomes. 100 Units.

This course covers the knowledge and well-established evolutionary analyses of genes and genomes, as well as related areas (e.g., origination and evolution of new genes, exon-intron structure, sex-related genes, sex-determination genetic systems, transposable elements, gene regulation systems, duplication of genes and genomes, evolution of genome sizes). These topics are discussed under the processes driven by various evolutionary forces and genetic mechanisms. The analysis of these problems is conducted with the genomic context. Lectures, discussions, and experiments are combined.

Instructor(s): M. Long     Terms Offered: Spring. This course is offered in alternate (odd) years.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 23258 or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): ECEV 44002,EVOL 44002

BIOS 23261. Invertebrate Paleobiology and Evolution. 100 Units.

This course provides a detailed overview of the morphology, paleobiology, evolutionary history, and practical uses of the invertebrate and microfossil groups commonly found in the fossil record. Emphasis is placed on understanding key anatomical and ecological innovations within each group and interactions among groups responsible for producing the observed changes in diversity, dominance, and ecological community structure through evolutionary time. Labs supplement lecture material with specimen-based and practical application sections. An optional field trip offers experience in the collection of specimens and raw paleontological data. Several "Hot Topics" lectures introduce important, exciting, and often controversial aspects of current paleontological research linked to particular invertebrate groups.

Instructor(s): M. Webster L.     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100 and 13200, or equivalent. Students majoring in biological sciences only; Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 26300,EVOL 32400,GEOS 36300

BIOS 23266. Evolutionary Adaptation. 100 Units.

This course deals with the adaptation of organisms to their environments and focuses on methods for studying adaptation. Topics include definitions and examples of adaptation, the notion of optimization, adaptive radiations, and the comparative method in evolutionary biology.

Instructor(s): C. Andrews     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20184 or 20185, 20187, or AP 5 sequence, or consent of instructor

BIOS 23281. Evolutionary Aspects of Gene Regulation. 100 Units.

Using primary research literature, this course examines recent advances in understanding of evolution of gene regulation. Topics include patterns and forces of evolutionary change in regulatory DNA and transcription factors, genetic changes that are responsible for phenotypic evolution, and discovery and evolutionary of implications of gene control by microRNAs.

Instructor(s): I. Ruvinsky     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 32600,ECEV 32500,GENE 32500,DVBI 32500,ORGB 32600

BIOS 23286. An Introduction to Population Genetics. 100 Units.

Population genetics connects genetics and evolution.  It addresses such questions as: What determines the level of genetic variation in a population? How fast do populations evolve?  This course emphasizes population genetics theory and modeling, but connects them to empirical observations in many organisms, including humans.  Many concepts are examines with computer programs written in R, and homework problems require students to write R programs.  Prior programming experience is not required, and instruction in R is provided.

Instructor(s): R. Hudson     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20182, 20187 or 20192

BIOS 23289. Marine Ecology. 100 Units.

This course provides an introduction into the physical, chemical, and biological forces controlling the function of marine ecosystems and how marine communities are organized. The structures of various types of marine ecosystems are described and contrasted, and the lectures highlight aspects of marine ecology relevant to applied issues such as conservation and harvesting.

Instructor(s): T. Wootton     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Prior introductory course in ecology or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): ENST 23289

BIOS 23299. Plant Development and Molecular Genetics. 100 Units.

Genetic approaches to central problems in plant development will be discussed.  Emphasis will be placed on embryonic pattern formation, meristem structure and function, reproduction, and the role of hormones and environmental signals in development.  Lectures will be drawn from the current literature; experimental approaches (genetic, cell biological, biochemical) used to discern developmental mechanisms will be emphasized. Graduate students will present a research proposal in oral and written form; undergraduate students will present and analyze data from the primary literature, and will be responsible for a final paper. 

Instructor(s): J. Greenberg     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences
Equivalent Course(s): DVBI 36100,ECEV 32900,MGCB 36100

BIOS 23404. Reconstructing the Tree of Life: An Introduction to Phylogenetics. 100 Units.

This course is an introduction to the tree of life (phylogeny): its conceptual origins, methods for discovering its structure, and its importance in evolutionary biology and other areas of science. Topics include history and concepts, sources of data, methods of phylogenetic analysis, and the use of phylogenies to study the tempo and mode of lineage diversification, coevolution, biogeography, conservation, molecular biology, development, and epidemiology. One Saturday field trip and weekly computer labs required in addition to scheduled class time. This course is offered in alternate (odd) years.

Instructor(s): C. Moreau, R. Ree. L.     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 35401

BIOS 23406. Biogeography. 100 Units.

This course examines factors governing the distribution and abundance of animals and plants. Topics include patterns and processes in historical biogeography, island biogeography, geographical ecology, areography, and conservation biology (e.g., design and effectiveness of nature reserves).

Instructor(s): B. Patterson (odd years, lab). L., Heaney (even years, discussion)     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences and a course in either ecology, evolution, or earth history; or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): ENST 25500,EVOL 45500,GEOG 25500,GEOG 35500

BIOS 23409. The Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases. 100 Units.

Understanding the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases is crucial for both human health and for preservation of the natural environment.  In this course, we combine mathematical modeling with ecological and evolutionary analyses to understand how fundamental mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions are translated into disease dynamics and host-pathogen co-evolution.

Instructor(s): G. Dwyer     Terms Offered: Autumn. L.
Prerequisite(s): Integral calculus and some background in biology

BIOS 23410. Complex Interactions: Coevolution, Parasites, Mutualists, and Cheaters. 100 Units.

This course emphasizes the enormous diversity of interactions between organisms. It is an introduction to the biology and ecology of parasitic and mutualistic symbiotic associations and their evolution. Topics include endosymbioses and their impact on the evolution of photosynthetic organisms, bacterial symbioses (e.g., nitrogen fixation), symbioses that fungi evolved with plants and animals (e.g., endophytes, mycorrhizae, lichens), pollination biology, insect-plant associations, and associations of algae with animals. Methods to elucidate the evolution of these associations are discussed with a focus on coevolutionary events and the origin of cheaters.

Instructor(s): T. Lumbsch     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20185 or 20187

BIOS 24203. Introduction to Neuroscience. 100 Units.

This course is required for the neuroscience specialization. This course is designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to the structure and function of the mammalian brain.

Instructor(s): X. Zhuang, M. Sherman, E. Grove     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): A Fundamentals Sequence (BIOS 20180s or 20190s) or AP 5 sequence
Note(s): AP5 students should take BIOS 24209 in place of BIOS 24203.

BIOS 24204. Cellular Neurobiology. 100 Units.

This course meets one of the requirements of the neuroscience specialization. This course is concerned with the structure and function of the nervous system at the cellular level. It describes the cellular and subcellular components of neurons and their basic membrane and electrophysiological properties. We study cellular and molecular aspects of interactions between neurons, which leads to functional analyses of the mechanisms involved in the generation and modulation of behavior in selected model systems.

Instructor(s): P. Lloyd, A. Fox.      Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 24203

BIOS 24205. Systems Neuroscience. 100 Units.

This course meets one of the requirements of the neuroscience specialization. This course introduces vertebrate and invertebrate systems neuroscience with a focus on the anatomy, physiology, and development of sensory and motor control systems. The neural bases of form and motion perception, locomotion, memory, and other forms of neural plasticity are examined in detail. We also discuss clinical aspects of neurological disorders.

Instructor(s): M. Hale, D. Freedman     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 24204 or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): PSYC 24000,PSYC 31200

BIOS 24206. Peering Inside the Black Box: Neocortex. 100 Units.

The neocortex is the multilayered outermost structure of the mammalian brain. It is the site of higher brain functions including reasoning and creativity. However, the complexity of the neocortex it is comprised of ~ 20 billion neurons which have 0.15 quadrillion connections between them seems to preclude any hope of achieving a fundamental understanding the system. Recent technological innovations have opened novel avenues of investigation making realization of the neocortex an increasingly tractable problem. This course will place particular emphasis on how to critically read scientific papers as we evaluate and discuss current experimental approaches to the neocortex. Integral to this evaluation will be the detailed discussion of the latest technological approaches.

Instructor(s): J. MacLean     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 24205 or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): CPNS 34206

BIOS 24208. Survey of Systems Neuroscience. 100 Units.

This lab-centered course teaches students the fundamental principles of vertebrate nervous system organization. Students learn the major structures and the basic circuitry of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. Early sensory processing and the motor system are presented in particular depth. A highlight of this course is that students become practiced at recognizing the nuclear organization and cellular architecture of the rodent, cat, and primate brain.

Instructor(s): L. Osborne.     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor

BIOS 24209. Photons to Consciousness. 100 Units.

AP5 students taking the Neuroscience sequence or specialization, should take this course in place of BIOS 24203. This course uses the visual system as a model to explore how the brain works. We begin by considering the physical properties of light. We then proceed to consider the mechanism of sensory transduction, cellular mechanisms of neuron to neuron communication, the operation of small neural networks, strategies of signal detection in neuron networks, and the hierarchical organization of cortical function. We conclude with visually guided behavior and consciousness.

Instructor(s): E. Schwartz     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20236 or consent of instructor

BIOS 24217. Conquest of Pain. 100 Units.

This course examines the biology of pain and the mechanisms by which anesthetics alter the perception of pain. The approach is to examine the anatomy of pain pathways both centrally and peripherally, and to define electrophysiological, biophysical, and biochemical explanations underlying the action of general and local anesthetics. We discuss the role of opiates and enkephalins. Central theories of anesthesia, including the relevance of sleep proteins, are also examined.

Instructor(s): J. Moss     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 2200-22100-22200 or BIOS 20200 required; prior course in neurobiology or physiology recommended.

BIOS 24218. Molecular Neurobiology. 100 Units.

This lecture/seminar course explores the application of modern cellular and molecular techniques to clarify basic questions in neurobiology. Topics include mechanisms of synaptic transmission, protein trafficking, exo- and endo-cytosis, and development and mechanisms of neurological diseases.

Instructor(s): S. Sisodia     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20200 and 24204, or consent of instructor

BIOS 24231. Methods in Computational Neuroscience. 100 Units.

Topics include (but are not limited to): Hodgkin-Huxley equations, Cable theory, Single neuron models, Information theory, Signal Detection theory, Reverse correlation, Relating neural responses to behavior, and Rate vs. temporal codes.

Instructor(s): S. Bensmaia, L. Osborne, J. Maclean, D. Freedman     Terms Offered: Winter. L.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 26210 and BIOS 26211 which must be taken concurrently, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): CPNS 34231

BIOS 24232. Computational Approaches to Cognitive Neuroscience. 100 Units.

This course is concerned with the relationship of the nervous system to higher order behaviors (e.g., perception, object recognition, action, attention, learning, memory, and decision making). Psychophysical, functional imaging, and electrophysiological methods are introduced. Mathematical and statistical methods (e.g. neural networks and algorithms for studying neural encoding in individual neurons and decoding in populations of neurons) are discussed. Weekly lab sections allow students to program cognitive neuroscientific experiments and simulations.

Instructor(s): N. Hatsopoulos     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 26210, a course in systems neuroscience, and knowlege using Matlab, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): CPNS 33200, ORGB 34650, PSYC 34410,CPNS

BIOS 24239. Cellular Mechanisms of Learning. 100 Units.

We explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms that have been proposed to underlie learning and memory. Although we briefly mention other animal systems, we focus primarily on cellular/molecular studies in Aplysia and the mammalian hippocampus and cerebellum, and on genetic and molecular studies in Drosophila and C. elegans.

Instructor(s): P. Lloyd     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20183 or BIOS 20193 or 20188; BIOS 24203 and BIOS 24204 recommended

BIOS 24246. Neurobiology of Disease I. 100 Units.

This seminar course is devoted to basic clinical and pathological features and pathogenic mechanisms of neurological diseases. The first semester is devoted to a broad set of disorders ranging from developmental to acquired disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system. Weekly seminars are given by experts in the clinical and scientific aspects of the disease under discussion. For each lecture, students are given a brief description of clinical and pathological features of a given set of neurological diseases followed by a more detailed description of the current status of knowledge of several of the prototypic pathogenic mechanisms.

Instructor(s): C. Gomez, Staff     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): NURB 31800 or BIOS 24203
Equivalent Course(s): CPNS 34600,NURB 34600,CCTS 40100

BIOS 24247. Neurobiology of Disease II. 100 Units.

This seminar course is devoted to understanding pathogenic mechanisms of neuronal death, neurodegenerative disease, and neuronal repair. Weekly seminars are given by experts in the basic and clinical aspects of neurodegenerative diseases. For each lecture, students are provided with a brief description of clinical and pathological features of a given set or mechanistic category of neurodegenerative diseases that is followed by a more detailed description of the current status of knowledge of several of the prototypical pathogenic mechanisms.

Instructor(s): C. Gomez, Staff     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 24246
Equivalent Course(s): CPNS 34700,NURB 34700

BIOS 25108. Cancer Biology. 100 Units.

This course covers the fundamentals of cancer biology with a focus on the story of how scientists identified the genes that cause cancer. The emphasis is on “doing” science rather than “done” science: How do scientists think, how do they design experiments, where do these ideas come from, what can go wrong, and what is it like when things go right? We stress the role that cellular subsystems (e.g., signal transduction, cell cycle) play in cancer biology, as well as evolving themes in cancer research (e.g., ongoing development of modern molecular therapeutics).

Instructor(s): M. Rosner, P. Nash, K. MacLeod     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement for the biological sciences

BIOS 25109. Topics in Reproduction and Cancer. 100 Units.

This course focuses on several aspects of the molecular and cellular biology of human reproduction. We also discuss the basis of chemical/viral carcinogenesis and the progression, treatment, and prevention of cancer. The role of steroid hormones and their receptors in the control of growth, development, and specialized cell function is discussed in the context of normal and abnormal gene expression in human development and disease. Key historical events, research approaches, utilization of knowledge, recent advances in drug design and herbal medicines, and philosophies of scientific research are also covered.

Instructor(s): G. Greene     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Completion of a Biological Sciences fundamentals sequence and Biochemistry, or consent of Instructor.

BIOS 25126. Animal Models of Human Disease. 100 Units.

This course introduces the use of animals in biomedical research for the purposes of understanding, treating, and curing human disease. Particular emphasis is placed on rodent models in the context of genetic, molecular, and immunologic manipulations, as well as on the use of large animal surgical models. University veterinarians also provide information regarding humane animal care.

Instructor(s): G. Langan, M. Niekrasz     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20181, 20191, 20186 or 20234, or consent of instructor

BIOS 25129. Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. 100 Units.

This course will cover the development, validation, and use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. A wide range of animal models will be covered including behavioral, pharmacological, and genetic models, with an emphasis on mouse models. The disorders covered will range from those with unknown etiology to those with known single-gene causes. Disorders covered will include schizophrenia, mood disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorders.

Instructor(s): S. Dulawa     Terms Offered: Spring
Equivalent Course(s): NURB 33800

BIOS 25205. Microbiology Laboratory. 100 Units.

This laboratory meets bi-weekly in two-hour sessions over four weeks (eight sessions total) from mid-October to mid-November. It is intended for students who require a microbiology lab experience for application to some schools (including veterinary, optometry, etc). Students take a final written and practical exam to fulfill the class requirements.

Instructor(s): Staff     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 25206

BIOS 25206. Fundamentals of Bacterial Physiology. 100 Units.

This course meets one of the requirements of the microbiology specialization (BIOS 25256). This course introduces bacterial diversity, physiology, ultra-structure, envelope assembly, metabolism, and genetics. In the discussion section, students review recent original experimental work in the field of bacterial physiology.

Instructor(s): D. Missiakas     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20181, 20191, or 20239/20234; or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): MICR 30600

BIOS 25216. Molecular Basis of Bacterial Diseases. 100 Units.

This course meets one of the requirements of the microbiology specialization. This lecture/discussion course involves a comprehensive analysis of bacterial pathogens, the diseases that they cause, and the molecular mechanisms involved during pathogenesis. Students discuss recent original experimental work in the field of bacterial pathogenesis.

Instructor(s): J. Martinez     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences
Equivalent Course(s): MICR 31600

BIOS 25226. Endocrinology I: Cell Signaling. 100 Units.

The subject matter of this course considers the wide variety of intracellular mechanisms that, when activated, change cell behavior. We cover aspects of intracellular signaling, the latter including detailed discussions of receptors, G-proteins, cyclic nucleotides, calcium and calcium-binding proteins, phosphoinositides, protein kinases, and phosphatases.

Instructor(s): M. Brady, R. Cohen     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20200
Equivalent Course(s): CPHY 33600,NPHP 33600

BIOS 25227. Endocrinology II: Systems and Physiology. 100 Units.

Endocrinology is the study of hormones, which are chemical messengers released by tissues that regulate the activity of other cells in the body. This course covers the classical hormone systems, including hormones regulating metabolism, energy mobilization and storage, calcium and phosphate metabolism, reproduction, growth, "fight or flight," and circadian rhythms. We focus on historical perspective, the mechanisms of action, homeostatic regulation, and relevant human diseases for each system.

Instructor(s): M. Brady, R. Cohen     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): A Fundamentals Sequence (BIOS 20180s or 20190s, or AP 5 sequence)

BIOS 25228. Endocrinology III: Human Disease. 100 Units.

A Fundamentals Sequence (BIOS 20180s or 20190s, or AP 5 sequence) and BIOS 25227 recommended but not required. This course is a modern overview of the patho-physiologic, genetic, and molecular basis of human diseases with nutritional perspectives. We discuss human diseases (e.g., hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, alopecia).

Instructor(s): Y. C. Li, M. Musch     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): A Fundamentals Sequence (BIOS 20180s or 20190s, or AP 5 sequence)

BIOS 25246. Infections and Immunity. 100 Units.

Not open to students specializing in microbiology or immunology. Approximately 25 percent of annual deaths in the world result from infectious diseases. Pathogens and their hosts are involved in a constant battle, leading to the recent emergence and re-emergence of deadly infections. This course explores the interplay between pathogen's strategies and the host's immune system. AIDS, tuberculosis, the flu, and the bubonic plaque are among some of the diseases covered.

Instructor(s): B. Fineschi, I. Pavlova     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences

BIOS 25256. Immunobiology. 100 Units.

Prior knowledge of microbiology (e.g., BIOS 25206) will be advantageous. This comprehensive survey course presents an integrated and detailed coverage of the tactics and logistics of innate and adaptive immune phenomena and conveys the elegance and complexity of the biological solutions evolved by multicellular organisms in their ongoing fights against the anti-immunology strategies of infectious agents.

Instructor(s): J. Quintans     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20180s or 20190s, 25206, and consent of instructor

BIOS 25258. Immunopathology. 100 Units.

Five examples of diseases are selected each year among the following categories: autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, infection immunity, immunodeficiencies and gene therapy, and transplantation and tumor immunology. Each disease is studied in depth with general lectures that include, where applicable, histological analysis of diseased tissue samples and discussions of primary research papers on experimental disease models. Special emphasis is placed on understanding immunopathology within the framework of general immunological concepts and on experimental approaches to the study of immunopathological models.

Instructor(s): B. Jabri     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): IMMU 30010,PATH 30010

BIOS 25260. Host Pathogen Interactions. 100 Units.

This course explores the basic principals of host defense against pathogens and pathogens' strategies to overcome host immune mechanisms. We address evolutionary aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses, while also studying specific examples of viral and bacterial interactions with their hosts. The reviews of relevant immunological mechanisms necessary for appreciation of host/pathogen interactions are incorporated in the studies of specific cases.

Instructor(s): A. Chervonsky     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 25206 and BIOS 25256

BIOS 25266. Molecular Immunology. 100 Units.

This discussion-oriented course examines the molecular principles of immune recognition. We explore the roles of protein modification, protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions in the discrimination between self and non-self, and study the molecular fundamentals of cell stimulation and signaling. Primary literature focused on molecular research of the immune system is integrated with lectures on commonly used biochemical, structural and immunological techniques used in the research papers examined.

Instructor(s): E. Adams     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20200 or 25256, or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): IMMU 30266

BIOS 25287. Introduction to Virology. 100 Units.

This class on animal viruses considers the major families of the viral kingdom with an emphasis on the molecular aspects of genome expression and virus-host interactions. Our goal is to provide students with solid appreciation of basic knowledge, as well as instruction on the frontiers of virus research.

Instructor(s): T. Golovkina, B. Roizman     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences and third- or fourth-year standing
Equivalent Course(s): GENE 34600,MICR 34600

BIOS 25308. Heterogeneity in Human Cancer: Etiology and Treatment. 100 Units.

This course addresses the importance of understanding human tumor heterogeneity (organ site by organ site) in terms of predicting whether tumors will progress to malignancy and how tumors will respond to standard treatments or require tailored molecular therapeutics. Alternating lecture and discussion lectures will explore and tease apart the controversies in the field that limit progress in cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment. At the end of the course, students should have an in-depth understanding of the complexities, challenges and opportunities facing modern cancer researchers and clinical oncologists and be able to discuss novel scientific approaches to solving these issues.

Instructor(s): K. MacLeod     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): A grade of B or better in BIOS 25108

BIOS 25309. Cancer Metastasis. 100 Units.

This course focuses on the fundamental principles of cancer metastases as well as new and emerging concepts in metastatic colonization of target organs.   Metastasis remains the most lethal aspect of cancer thus its importance to cancer biologists cannot be overstated. In this course students will gain a robust knowledge of hypothesis-driven studies that laid the foundation for our current understanding of cancer metastases, recent breakthroughs, and discussion of ongoing novel, cross-disciplinary studies. This course builds molecular and cellular knowledge gained in preceding courses and specifically addresses the discovery and implementation of use of metastasis suppressors in dissecting molecular mechanisms controlling dormancy, metastatic colonization of target organs, and cancer cell-microenvironment interactions that may be targeted therapeutically.

Instructor(s): C. Rinker-Schaeffer     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): B average or above in a Biological Sciences Fundamentals Sequence.

BIOS 25407. Organ Transplantation. 100 Units.

This course presents biological, technical, ethical, and economic issues associated with organ transplantation. We sharply focus the immunologic knowledge from BIOS 25256 onto the biologic barriers to organ acceptance and the ultimate goal of immunologic tolerance. We also address principles of organ preservation and the mechanisms of ischemia/reperfusion injury. The technical aspects and physiology of organ transplantation (i.e., kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, islet, intestinal) are covered. The social, economic, and ethical issues raised in transplantation (i.e., allografts, xenografts, living donation) are also discussed. This course is offered in alternate years.

Instructor(s): A. Chong     Terms Offered: Winter. Every other year in odd years.
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 25256

BIOS 26210-26211-26212. Mathematical Methods for Biological Sciences I-II-III.

BIOS 26400. Introduction to Bioinformatics. 100 Units.

This course introduces the concepts, purposes, tools, skills, and resources of bioinformatics. It includes a description of GenBank and other sequence databases; genetic and physical mapping databases; and structure databases. It also explains definitions such as homology, similarity, and gene families. Other topics include the basic principles and computational skills of comparative and phylogenetic analyses of DNA and protein sequence data, computer skills in database searching and information retrieval, predictive methods using DNA sequences, predictive methods using protein sequences, and comparative genomics.

Instructor(s): W. Li     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20182 or 20192, or 20187, or MATH 15100, or consent of instructor

BIOS 28407. Genomics and Systems Biology. 100 Units.

This lecture course explores the technologies that enable high-throughput collection of genomic-scale data, including sequencing, genotyping, gene expression profiling, assays of copy number variation, protein expression and protein-protein interaction. We also cover study design and statistical analysis of large data sets, as well as how data from different sources can be used to understand regulatory networks (i.e., systems). Statistical tools introduced include linear models, likelihood-based inference, supervised and unsupervised learning techniques, methods for assessing quality of data, hidden Markov models, and controlling for false discovery rates in large data sets. Readings are drawn from the primary literature.

Instructor(s): Y. Gilad, D. Nicolae     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): STAT 23400 or Statistics in the Biomath Sequence
Equivalent Course(s): BPHS 47300,CABI 47300,HGEN 47300,IMMU 47300

BIOS 02490. Biology and Sociology of AIDS. 100 Units.

This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major. This interdisciplinary course deals with current issues of the AIDS epidemic. Readings are based primarily on AIDS Update 2012.

Instructor(s): H. Pollack     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Third- or fourth-year standing
Equivalent Course(s): BPRO 24900,SSAD 65100

BIOS 29100. Biology of Toxoplasma. 100 Units.

This course is suitable for undergraduates with a good background in biology and molecular genetics. This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major. This course undertakes a study of Toxoplasma gondii and toxoplasmosis: a model system to study the cellular and molecular biology, biochemistry, and genetics of an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; the immune responses it elicits; its interactions with host cells; and the pathogenesis of the diseases it causes. This information is also applied to consideration of public health measures for prevention of infection, for vaccines, and for development of new antimicrobial treatments. General principles applicable to the study of other microorganisms are emphasized.

Instructor(s): R. Mcleod     Terms Offered: Autumn, Spring
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor

BIOS 29279. Topics in Global Health. 100 Units.

This course is a continuation of Introduction to Global Health (CCTS 43000). It is designed to address specific medical issues of global significance including maternal and child health, communicable and non- communicable diseases, and emerging diseases; the course will also address the impact of population growth, migration, environmental decay, and humanitarian disasters on health.  Finally, the course will discuss research and career opportunities within the field of global health.

Instructor(s): C. S. Olopade     Terms Offered: Winter, every other year in even years.
Prerequisite(s): This course does not meet the requirements for the Biological Sciences major.
Equivalent Course(s): CCTS 43000

BIOS 29280. Developmental Psychopathology. 100 Units.

This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major. This advanced course focuses on the development of mental disorders that have their onset in infancy, childhood, or adolescence from the perspective of developmental psychopathology. Developmental psychopathology is a field that lies at the interface of clinical and developmental psychology within which the aim is to identify the earliest deviations from normative developmental processes that likely lead to the development of psychopathology. By incorporating the study of basic biological and psychological processes into the study of psychopathology, the identification of earliest markers, and ultimately causal factors, may be achieved.

Instructor(s): K. Keenan     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): PSYC 22750

BIOS 29286. Biological and Cultural Evolution. 100 Units.

This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major. This course draws on readings in and case studies of language evolution, biological evolution, cognitive development and scaffolding, processes of socialization and formation of groups and institutions, and the history and philosophy of science and technology. We seek primarily to elaborate theory to understand and model processes of cultural evolution, while exploring analogies, differences, and relations to biological evolution. This has been a highly contentious area, and we examine why. We seek to evaluate what such a theory could reasonably cover and what it cannot.

Instructor(s): W. Wimsatt, S. Mufwene     Terms Offered: Will be offered 2013
Prerequisite(s): Third- or fourth-year standing or consent of instructor required; core background in genetics and evolution strongly recommended

BIOS 29294. Introduction to Global Health. 100 Units.

This course provides an overview of global health from the historical perspective to the current state of global health. The course features weekly guest lecturers with a broad range of expertise in the field: topics include the social and economic determinants of health, the economics of global health, global burden of disease, and globalization of health risks, as well as the importance of ethics, human rights, and diplomacy in promoting a healthier world. The course is designed for graduate-level students and senior undergraduates with an interest in global health work in resource-limited settings.

Instructor(s): J. Schneider, C. S. Olopade     Terms Offered: Winter, every other year in odd years.
Prerequisite(s): This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major
Equivalent Course(s): CCTS 43000,HSTD 30030

BIOS 29300. Biological Psychology. 100 Units.

What are the relations between mind and brain? How do brains regulate mental, behavioral, and hormonal processes; and how do these influence brain organization and activity? This course introduces the anatomy, physiology, and chemistry of the brain; their changes in response to the experiential and sociocultural environment; and their relation to perception, attention, behavioral action, motivation, and emotion.

Instructor(s): L. Kay, B. Prendergast     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Some background in biology and psychology.
Note(s): This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major.
Equivalent Course(s): PSYC 20300

BIOS 29308. Pharmacogenomics. 100 Units.

Pharmacogenomics is aimed at advancing our knowledge of the genetic basis for variable drug response. Advances in genetic knowledge gained through sequencing have been applied to drug response, and identifying heritable genetic variants that predict response and toxicity is an area of great interest to researchers. The ultimate goal is to identify clinically significant variations to predict the right choice and dose of medications for individuals—"personalizing medicine." The study of pharmacogenomics is complicated by the fact that response and toxicity are multigenic traits and are often confounded by nongenetic factors (e.g., age, co-morbidities, drug-drug interactions, environment, diet). Using knowledge of an individual's DNA sequence as an integral determinant of drug therapy has not yet become standard clinical practice; however, several genetics-guided recommendations for physicians have been developed and are highlighted. The ethics and economics of pharmacogenomics are also discussed.

Instructor(s): M. E. Dolan, R. S. Huang     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 20182, 20192, or 20187 and consent of Instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): CCTS 40001,CABI 47500

BIOS 29313. Medical Ethics: Who Decides and on What Basis? 100 Units.

Decisions about medical treatment take place in the context of changing health care systems, changing ideas about rights and obligations, and among doctors and patients who have diverse religious and cultural backgrounds. By means of historical, philosophical, and medical readings, this course examines such issues as paternalism, autonomy, the commodification of the body, and the enhancement of mental and/or physical characteristics.

Instructor(s): D. Brudney, A. Dudley Goldblatt, L. Ross     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Third- or fourth-year standing
Note(s): This course does not meet requirements for the biological science major.
Equivalent Course(s): BPRO 22610,HIPS 21911,PHIL 21610

BIOS 29317. Issues in Women's Health. 100 Units.

The course will focus on important sources of morbidity and mortality in women, such as heart disease, breast cancer, depression, eating disorders, and HIV. In addition to learning about the etiology, biology, and epidemiology of these conditions, we will explore related social, historical, political and cultural issues. The course will be comprised of presentations by the instructor, guest lectures by clinical experts in the condition of interest, and student-led discussions of readings.

Instructor(s): L. Kurina     Terms Offered: Winter
Note(s): Not offered in 2013-14
Equivalent Course(s): GNSE 29302,GNSE 30500,HSTD 30500

BIOS 29318. Principles of Epidemiology. 100 Units.

This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in human populations. This course introduces the basic principles of epidemiologic study design, analysis, and interpretation through lectures, assignments, and critical appraisal of both classic and contemporary research articles.

Instructor(s): L. Kurina     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Introductory statistics recommended or Consent of Instructor
Equivalent Course(s): HSTD 30900,ENST 27400,PPHA 36400,STAT 35000

BIOS 29319. What Genomes Teach About Evolution. 100 Units.

This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major. The twenty-first century opened with publication of the draft human genome sequence, and there are currently over 3,000 species whose genomes have been sequenced. This rapidly growing database constitutes a test of nineteenth- and twentieth-century theories about evolution and a source of insights for new theories. We discuss what genome sequences have to teach us about the relatedness of living organisms, the diversity of cellular life, mechanisms of genome change over evolutionary time, and the nature of key events in the history of life on earth. The scientific issues are related to the history of evolutionary thought and current public controversies about evolution.

Instructor(s): J. A. Shapiro, M. Long     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor

BIOS 29320. Introduction to History and Philosophy of Biology. 100 Units.

In this course we (1) use the history of biological science to help us identify and solve philosophical problems in biology, and (2) use the tools of philosophical analysis to help us understand the importance of particular episodes in the history of biology. Among other things, we examine historical and philosophical issues associated with the theory of natural selection, macroevolution, and developmental biology.

Instructor(s): C. Haufe     Terms Offered: Spring
Note(s): This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major. This course meets the distribution requirement for field (B) in the philosophy major.
Equivalent Course(s): CHSS 38901,HIPS 28903,PHIL 28900,PHIL 38900

BIOS 29321. The Problem of Evil: Disease? 100 Units.

The problem of evil remains a central problem for monotheistic religions: How can an omnipotent and benevolent God allow evil in the world? Disease represents an important “test case” for this question. Some argue that disease should not be called evil and would reserve this word for moral ills. Others argue that disease is a dysfunction of nature and therefore represents evil par excellence. In this course, we examine a variety of texts treating the question of disease as a philosophical issue and exemplar of the problem of evil. The texts include Scripture (Job) and selections from the writings of Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Feodor Dostoevsky, Albert Camus, and Thomas Mann.

Instructor(s): S. Meredith     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Third- and fourth-year students only.
Note(s): This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major.
Equivalent Course(s): RETH 30300

BIOS 29322. The Role of Animals in Modern Society. 100 Units.

The role of animals in American society has evolved as society has evolved, from an agrarian society to an industrial society to a consumer society to a developing animal-protectionist society.  In other parts of the world, this evolution has been more rapid than in the United States (Western Europe and the United Kingdom), while in Third World countries, agrarian society is still the norm, and the place of animals remains much more utilitarian. The changes in use of and concern for animals, and expectations of the proper role for animals in society have caused clashes of opinions in multiple fields of human endeavor, complicated by local societal norms. This course addresses the use of animals in society from multiple perspectives. From a science perspective, we would include viewpoints presented by experts in human medicine, veterinary medicine, basic science research, and agriculture. From the liberal arts perspective, we would include discussions from philosophy, history, anthropology, religion, social science, law, and public policy.

Instructor(s): C. Wardrip, B. Theriault     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Third of fourth year standing.
Note(s): This course does not meet requirements for the Biological Sciences Major.
Equivalent Course(s): BPRO 28800,BPRO

BIOS 29323. Health Care and the Limits of State Action. 100 Units.

In a time of great human mobility and weakening state frontiers, epidemic disease is able to travel fast and far, mutate in response to treatment, and defy the institutions invented to keep it under control: quarantine, the cordon sanitaire, immunization, and the management of populations. Public health services in many countries find themselves at a loss in dealing with these outbreaks of disease, a deficiency to which NGOs emerge as a response (an imperfect one to be sure). Through a series of readings in anthropology, sociology, ethics, medicine, and political science, we will attempt to reach an understanding of this crisis of both epidemiological technique and state legitimacy, and to sketch out options.

Instructor(s): E. Lyon, H. Saussy     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Third- or fourth-year standing
Note(s): This course does not meet the requirements for the Biological Sciences major.
Equivalent Course(s): BPRO 28600,CMLT 28900,HMRT 28602

BIOS 29324. The Social Brain: Social Isolation and Loneliness. 100 Units.

The past two decades have witnessed a remarkable rise in the number of investigations published on the social brain. The discoveries conveyed by the titles of many of these reports (e.g., the neural basis of love, altruism, morality, generosity, trust) have piqued the interest of young investigators, funding agencies, the media, and laypeople alike. Such attention is a double-edged sword, however, as errors are exaggerated in importance, and oversimplifications create false expectations and, ultimately, disillusionment in what the field can contribute. It is, of course, one thing to assume that neural processes underlie all psychological phenomenon, it is another to claim that a given brain region is the biological instantiation of complex psychological functions like the self, empathy or loneliness. The purpose of this course is to examine opportunities and challenges in this field primarily through research on two of the most important topics in the field: social isolation and empathy.

Instructor(s): J. Cacioppo, L. Hawkley     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Third- or fourth-year standing
Note(s): This course does not meet the requirements for the biological sciences major.
Equivalent Course(s): BPRO 23760,PSYC 23760

BIOS 29326. Introduction to Medical Physics and Medical Imaging. 100 Units.

This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major. Students majoring in physics may use this course either as an elective or as one of the topics courses to meet the general education requirement in the biological sciences. This course covers the interaction of radiation with matter and the exploitation of such interactions for medical imaging and cancer treatment. Topics in medical imaging include X-ray imaging and radionuclide imaging, as well as advanced technologies that provide three-dimensional images, including X-ray computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonic imaging.

Instructor(s): S. Armato, P. La Riviere, C. Pelizzari     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): PHYS 23500

BIOS 29408. Signal Analysis and Modeling for Neuroscientists. 100 Units.

The course provides an introduction into signal analysis and modeling for neuroscientists. We cover linear and nonlinear techniques and model both single neurons and neuronal networks. The goal is to provide students with the mathematical background to understand the literature in this field, the principles of analysis and simulation software, and allow them to construct their own tools. Several of the 90-minute lectures include demonstrations and/or exercises in Matlab.

Instructor(s): W. van Drongelen     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): BIOS 26210 and 26211, or consent of instructor.
Note(s): This course meets requirements for the biological sciences major only for students specializing in neuroscience.
Equivalent Course(s): CPNS 32110

BIOS 00199. Undergraduate Research. 100 Units.

This course may be elected for up to three quarters. Before Friday of fifth week of the quarter in which they register, students must submit a one-page summary of the research that they are planning to their research sponsor and to the director of undergraduate research and honors. A detailed two to three page summary on the completed work must be submitted to the research sponsor and the director of undergraduate research and honors before Friday of examination week.

Instructor(s): D. Nelson     Terms Offered: Autumn, Winter, Spring, Summer
Prerequisite(s): Consent of research sponsor and director of undergraduate research and honors
Note(s): Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. This course is graded P/F. This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major.

BIOS 00206. Readings: Biology. 100 Units.

Students may register for only one BIOS 00206 tutorial per quarter. Enrollment must be completed by the end of the second week of the quarter. This tutorial offers individually designed readings.

Terms Offered: Autumn, Winter, Spring, Summer
Prerequisite(s): Consent of faculty sponsor
Note(s): Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. This course is graded P/F. This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major.

BIOS 00285. Research in Beijing. 100 Units.

This course is designed for students who participate in the summer research program in Beijing. The course will begin in the spring quarter to prepare students for the research area in the laboratories that they will perform the research in the summer. The course will continue to the ten-week research in the summer. The grade will be based on the performance in the discussion during the spring quarter as well as the research performance and final presentation in a mini-symposium in the summer.

Instructor(s): W.-J. Tang     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor
Note(s): Students chosen to participate the summer research in Beijing. This course may be counted as an upper-level elective for Biological Sciences majors.

BIOS 00298. Undergraduate Research Seminar. 100 Units.

This seminar course is required of fourth-year students who are pursuing honors. The honors thesis is revised during the year and submitted third week of Spring Quarter.

Instructor(s): D. Nelson     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Fourth-year standing, completion of honors research before the start of the course, completion of Biological Sciences Major required courses, GPA of at lease 3.25 in the major and consent of the director of undergraduate research and honors.
Note(s): Course must be taken for a quality grade and may be counted toward requirements for the biological sciences major.

BIOS 00299. Advanced Research: Biological Sciences. 100 Units.

Before Friday of fifth week of the quarter in which they register, students must submit a one-page summary of the research that they are planning to their research sponsor and to the director of undergraduate research and honors. A detailed two to three page summary on the completed work must be submitted to the research sponsor and the director of undergraduate research and honors before Friday of examination week. This course does not meet requirements for the biological sciences major. In the first quarter of registration, students must submit Supplementary Information Forms to their research sponsor and the director of undergraduate research and honors.

Instructor(s): D. Nelson     Terms Offered: Autumn, Winter, Spring, Summer
Prerequisite(s): Fourth-year standing and consent of research sponsor and director of undergraduate research and honors.
Note(s): Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. This course is graded P/F.