GEOS 13100. Physical Geology. 100 Units.

This course introduces plate tectonics; the geologic cycle; and the internal and surface processes that make minerals and rocks, as well as that shape the scenery. (L)

Instructor(s): A. Campbell     Terms Offered: Autumn

GEOS 13200. Earth History. 100 Units.

This course covers the paleogeographic, biotic, and climatic development of the Earth. (L)

Instructor(s): C. Boyce     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100 or consent of instructor

GEOS 13300. The Atmosphere. 100 Units.

This course introduces the physics, chemistry, and phenomenology of the Earth's atmosphere, with an emphasis on the fundamental science that underlies atmospheric behavior and climate. Topics include (1) atmospheric composition, evolution, and structure; (2) solar and terrestrial radiation in the atmospheric energy balance; (3) the role of water in determining atmospheric structure; and (4) wind systems, including the global circulation, and weather systems.

Instructor(s): N. Nakamura     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): MATH 13200 or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): ENST 13300

GEOS 13400. Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast. 100 Units.

This course presents the science behind the forecast of global warming to enable the student to evaluate the likelihood and potential severity of anthropogenic climate change in the coming centuries. It includes an overview of the physics of the greenhouse effect, including comparisons with Venus and Mars; an overview of the carbon cycle in its role as a global thermostat; predictions and reliability of climate model forecasts of the greenhouse world. (L)

Instructor(s): D. Archer, D. MacAyeal     Terms Offered: Autumn, Spring
Prerequisite(s): MATH 10600, or placement in MATH 13100 or higher, or consent of instructor required; some knowledge of chemistry or physics helpful.
Equivalent Course(s): PHSC 13400,ENST 12300

GEOS 21000. Introduction to Mineralogy. 100 Units.

This course covers structure, chemical composition, stability, and occurrence of major rock-forming minerals. Labs concentrate on mineral identification with the optical microscope. (L)

Instructor(s): L. Grossman      Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 11100-11200-11300 or equivalent

GEOS 21005. Mineral Science. 100 Units.

This course examines the relationship between the structure of minerals, their chemistry, and their physical properties. Topics include crystallography, defect properties, phase transitions, and analytical tools, followed by detailed study of specific mineral groups.

Instructor(s): A. Campbell     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 21000 or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 31005

GEOS 21100. Introduction to Petrology. 100 Units.

Students in this course learn how to interpret observable geological associations, structures, textures, and mineralogical and chemical compositions of rocks so as to develop concepts of how they form and evolve. Our theme is the origin of granitic continental crust on the only planet known to have oceans and life. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks; ores; and waste disposal sites are reviewed. (L)

Instructor(s): N. Dauphas      Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 21000

GEOS 21200. Physics of the Earth. 100 Units.

This course considers geophysical evidence bearing on the internal makeup and dynamical behavior of the Earth, including seismology (i.e., properties of elastic waves and their interpretation, and internal structure of the Earth); mechanics of rock deformation (i.e., elastic properties, creep and flow of rocks, faulting, earthquakes); gravity (i.e., geoid, isostasy); geomagnetism (i.e., magnetic properties of rocks and history, origin of the magnetic field); heat flow (i.e., temperature within the Earth, sources of heat, thermal history of the Earth); and plate tectonics and the maintenance of plate motions. (L)

Instructor(s): F. Richter      Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Prior calculus and college-level physics courses, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 31200

GEOS 21205. Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Near-Surface Earth Seismicity. 100 Units.

This course introduces the mechanics and phenomenology of elastic waves in the Earth and in the fluids near the Earth's surface (e.g., S and P waves in the solid earth, acoustic waves in the ocean and atmosphere). Topics include stress and strain, constitutive equations, elasticity, seismic waves, acoustic waves, theory of refraction/reflection, surface waves, dispersion, and normal modes of the Earth. Phenomenology addressed includes exploration geophysics (refraction/reflection seismology), earthquakes and earthquake source characterization, seismograms as signals, seismometers and seismological networks, and digital seismogram analysis.

Instructor(s): D. MacAyeal     Terms Offered: Autumn
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 31205

GEOS 21400. Thermodynamics and Phase Change. 100 Units.

This course develops the mathematical structure of thermodynamics with emphasis on relations between thermodynamic variables and equations of state. These concepts are then applied to homogeneous and heterogeneous phase equilibrium, culminating in the construction of representative binary and ternary phase diagrams of petrological significance.

Instructor(s): A. Campbell     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): MATH 20000-20100-20200 and college-level chemistry and calculus, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 31400

GEOS 22000. Origin and Evolution of the Solar System. 100 Units.

Representative topics include abundance and origin of the elements; formation, condensation, and age of the solar system; meteorites and the historical record of the solar system they preserve; comets and asteroids; the planets and their satellites; temperatures and atmospheres of the planets; and the origin of the Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. (L)

Instructor(s): L. Grossman      Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor required; knowledge of physical chemistry recommended
Equivalent Course(s): ASTR 21300

GEOS 22040. Formation of Planetary Systems in Our Galaxy: From Dust to Planetesimals. 100 Units.

This course examines the physical and chemical processes that operate during the earliest stages of planet formation when dust in a protoplanetary disk aggregates into bodies 1 to 10 km in size. Topics include the physical and chemical evolution of protoplanetary disks, radial transport of dust particles, transient heating events, and the formation of planetesimals. We discuss the evidence of these processes found in meteorites and observed in disks around young stars. Chemical and physical models of dust evolution are introduced, including an overview of basic numerical modeling techniques.

Instructor(s): F. Ciesla     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): One year of college-level calculus and physics or chemistry, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 32040

GEOS 22050. Formation of Planetary Systems in our Galaxy: From Planetesimals to Planets. 100 Units.

This course explores the stage of planet formation during which 1 to 10 km planetesimals accrete to form planets. Topics include heating of planetesimals, models of giant planet formation, the delivery of water to terrestrial planets, and the impact that stellar mass and external environment have on planet formation. We also discuss what processes determine the properties (mass, composition, and orbital parameters) of a planet and its potential for habitability. Basic modeling techniques and current research papers in peer-reviewed journals are also discussed.

Instructor(s): F. Ciesla     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 32050

GEOS 22200. Geochronology. 100 Units.

This course covers the duration of planetary differentiation and the age of the Earth (i.e., extinct and extant chronometers); timescales for building a habitable planet (i.e., the late heavy bombardment, the origin of the atmosphere, the emergence of life, and continent extraction); dating mountains (i.e., absolute ages, exposure ages, and thermochronology); the climate record (i.e., dating layers in sediments and ice cores); and dating recent artifacts (e.g., the Shroud of Turin).

Instructor(s): N. Dauphas     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Background in college-level geology, physics, and mathematics.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 32200

GEOS 23200. Climate Dynamics of the Earth and Other Planets. 100 Units.

Prior programming experience helpful but not required. This course introduces the basic physics governing the climate of planets, the Earth in particular but with some consideration of other planets. Topics include atmospheric thermodynamics of wet and dry atmospheres, the hydrological cycle, blackbody radiation, molecular absorption in the atmosphere, the basic principles of radiation balance, and diurnal and seasonal cycles. Students solve problems of increasing complexity, moving from pencil-and-paper problems to programming exercises, to determine surface and atmospheric temperatures and how they evolve. An introduction to scientific programming is provided, but the fluid dynamics of planetary flows is not covered. (L)

Instructor(s): R. Pierrehumbert      Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Prior physics course (preferably PHYS 13300 and 14300) and knowledge of calculus required; prior geophysical sciences course not required.
Note(s): Prior programming experience helpful but not required.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 33200

GEOS 23205. Introductory Glaciology. 100 Units.

The fundamentals of glacier and ice-sheet dynamics and phenomenology will be covered in this introductory course (snow and sea ice will be excluded from this course, however may be taken up in the future).  Emphasis will be placed on developing the foundation of continuum mechanics and viscous fluid flow as a means of developing the basic equations of glacier deformation, ice-sheet and -shelf flow, basal processes, glacier hydrology, and unstable modes of flow. This course is intended for advanced undergraduate students in physics, math, geophysical sciences and related fields as well as graduate students considering research in glaciology and climate dynamics. (L)

Instructor(s): D. MacAyeal     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Knowledge of vector calculus, linear algebra, and computer programming.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 33205

GEOS 23400. Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast. 100 Units.

This course presents the science behind the forecast of global warming to enable the student to evaluate the likelihood and potential severity of anthropogenic climate change in the coming centuries. It includes an overview of the physics of the greenhouse effect, including comparisons with Venus and Mars; an overview of the carbon cycle in its role as a global thermostat; predictions and reliability of climate model forecasts of the greenhouse world. Lectures are shared with PHSC 13400, but students enrolled in GEOS 23400 are required to write an individual research term paper. (L)

Instructor(s): D. Archer     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): MATH 10600, or placement in MATH 13100 or higher, or consent of instructor required.
Note(s): Some knowledge of chemistry or physics helpful.

GEOS 23800. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 100 Units.

This survey course covers the geochemistry of the surface of the Earth, with emphasis on biological and geological processes, their assembly into self-regulating systems, and their potential sensitivity to anthropogenic or other perturbations. Budgets and cycles of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, and silicon are discussed, as well as fundamentals of the processes of weathering, sediment diagenesis, and isotopic fractionation. What is known about the biogeochemistry of the Earth through geologic time is also presented.

Instructor(s): D. Archer     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 11100-11200 or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 33800

GEOS 23805. Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry. 100 Units.

Stable isotopes of H, C, O, N, and S are valuable tools for understanding the biological and geochemical processes that have shaped the composition of Earth's atmosphere and oceans throughout our planet's history. This course examines basic thermodynamic and kinetic theory to describe the behavior of isotopes in chemical and biological systems. We then examine the stable isotope systematics of localized environmental processes, and see how local processes contribute to global isotopic signals that are preserved in ice, sediment, rock, and fossils. Special emphasis is placed on the global carbon cycle, the history of atmospheric oxygen levels, and paleoclimate.

Instructor(s): A. Colman     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 11100-11200-11300 or equivalent; 13100-13200-13300 or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 33805

GEOS 23900. Environmental Chemistry. 100 Units.

The focus of this course is the fundamental science underlying issues of local and regional scale pollution. In particular, the lifetimes of important pollutants in the air, water, and soils are examined by considering the roles played by photochemistry, surface chemistry, biological processes, and dispersal into the surrounding environment. Specific topics include urban air quality, water quality, long-lived organic toxins, heavy metals, and indoor air pollution. Control measures are also considered. (L)

Instructor(s): A. Colman      Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 11101-11201 or equivalent, and prior calculus course
Note(s): This course is offered in alternate years.
Equivalent Course(s): ENST 23900,GEOS 33900

GEOS 24500. The Atmosphere and Ocean in Motion. 100 Units.

The motion of the atmosphere and ocean not only affects daily weather conditions but is also critical in maintaining the habitable climate of our planet. This course teaches: (1) observed patterns of large-scale circulation of the atmosphere and ocean; (2) physical principles that drive the observed circulation; (3) transport of heat, angular momentum, and other quantities; and (4) climate variability and predictability. The lectures are supplemented by problem sets and a computer lab project.

Instructor(s): N. Nakamura     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13300 or equivalent, and calculus
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 34500

GEOS 24600. Laboratory Course on Weather and Climate. 100 Units.

Working in groups, students gain hands-on experience in designing, implementing, and analyzing experiments concerning the principles of rotating fluids that underlie weather and climate.

Instructor(s): N. Nakamura     Terms Offered: Spring
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 34600

GEOS 24705. Energy: Science, Technology, and Human Usage. 100 Units.

This course covers the technologies by which humans appropriate energy for industrial and societal use, from steam turbines to internal combustion engines to photovoltaics. We also discuss the physics and economics of the resulting human energy system: fuel sources and relationship to energy flows in the Earth system; and modeling and simulation of energy production and use. Our goal is to provide a technical foundation for students interested in careers in the energy industry or in energy policy. Field trips required to major energy converters (e.g., coal-fired and nuclear power plants, oil refinery, biogas digester) and users (e.g., steel, fertilizer production).

Instructor(s): E. Moyer     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Knowledge of physics or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): ENST 24705,GEOS 34705

GEOS 25400. Introduction to Numerical Techniques for the Geophysical Sciences. 100 Units.

This class provides an introduction to different types of numerical techniques used in developing models used in geophysical science research. Topics will include how to interpolate and extrapolate functions, develop functional fits to data, integrate a function, or solve partial differential equations. Students are expected to have some familiarity with computers and programming—programming methods will not be discussed in detail. While techniques will be the focus of the class, we will also discuss the planning needed in developing a model as well as the limitations inherent in such models.

Instructor(s): F. Ciesla     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Familiarity with a computer programming language such as C, Fortran, or IDL, or a mathematical computing environment like Mathematica or Matlab. Spreadsheets such as Excel or Numbers can also be used for many problems.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 35400

GEOS 26300. Invertebrate Paleobiology and Evolution. 100 Units.

This course provides a detailed overview of the morphology, paleobiology, evolutionary history, and practical uses of the invertebrate and microfossil groups commonly found in the fossil record. Emphasis is placed on understanding key anatomical and ecological innovations within each group and interactions among groups responsible for producing the observed changes in diversity, dominance, and ecological community structure through evolutionary time. Labs supplement lecture material with specimen-based and practical application sections. An optional field trip offers experience in the collection of specimens and raw paleontological data. Several "Hot Topics" lectures introduce important, exciting, and often controversial aspects of current paleontological research linked to particular invertebrate groups.

Instructor(s): M. Webster L.     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100 and 13200, or equivalent. Students majoring in biological sciences only; Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): BIOS 23261,EVOL 32400,GEOS 36300

GEOS 26400. Principles of Paleontology. 100 Units.

The focus of this course is on the nature of the fossil record, the information it provides on patterns and processes of evolution through geologic time, and how it can be used to solve geological and biological problems. Lectures cover the principles of paleontology (e.g., fossilization, classification, morphologic analysis and interpretation, biostratigraphy, paleoecology, macroevolution); labs are systematic, introducing major groups of fossil invertebrates. (L)

Instructor(s): M. Foote      Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100-13200, or completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): BIOS 23255,EVOL 32300,GEOS 36400

GEOS 27000. Evolutionary History of Terrestrial Ecosystems. 100 Units.

This seminar course covers the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems from their Paleozoic assembly through to the modern world. The fossil history of plant, vertebrate, invertebrate, and fungal lineages are covered, as well as the diversification of their ecological interactions. The influence of extinction events and important extrinsic factors (e.g., geography, climate, atmospheric composition) also are considered.

Instructor(s): C. K. Boyce     Terms Offered: Spring
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 37000,EVOL 32500

GEOS 28000. Introduction to Structural Geology. 100 Units.

This course explores the deformation of the Earth materials primarily as observed in the crust. We emphasize stress and strain and their relationship to incremental and finite deformation in crustal rocks, as well as techniques for inferring paleostress and strain in deformed crustal rocks. We also look at mesoscale to macroscale structures and basic techniques of field geology in deformed regions.

Instructor(s): D. Rowley     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100
Note(s): This course is offered in alternate years.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 38000

GEOS 28100. Global Tectonics. 100 Units.

This course reviews the spatial and temporal development of tectonic and plate tectonic activity of the globe. We focus on the style of activity at compressive, extensional, and shear margins, as well as on the types of basin evolution associated with each. (L)

Instructor(s): D. Rowley      Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100 or consent of instructor
Note(s): This course is offered in alternate years.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 38100

GEOS 28300. Principles of Stratigraphy. 100 Units.

This course introduces principles and methods of stratigraphy. Topics include facies analysis, physical and biostratigraphic correlation, and development and calibration of the geologic time scale. We also discuss controversies concerning the completeness of the stratigraphic record; origin of sedimentary cycles; and interactions between global sea level, tectonics, and sediment supply. (L)

Instructor(s): S. Kidwell      Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100-13200 or equivalent required; GEOS 23500 and/or 28200 recommended
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 38300

GEOS 29001. Field Course in Geology. 100 Units.

Students in this course visit classic locations to examine a wide variety of geological environments and processes, including active tectonics, ancient and modern sedimentary environments, and geomorphology.

Terms Offered: Summer, Autumn
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100-13200 and consent of instructor
Note(s): Interested students should contact the departmental counselor.

GEOS 29002. Field Course in Modern and Ancient Environments. 100 Units.

This course uses weekly seminars during Winter Quarter to prepare for a one-week field trip over spring break, where students acquire experience with sedimentary rocks and the modern processes responsible for them. Destinations vary; past trips have examined tropical carbonate systems of Jamaica and the Bahamas and subtropical coastal Gulf of California. We usually consider biological, as well as physical, processes of sediment production, dispersal, accumulation, and post-depositional modification.

Instructor(s): S. Kidwell, M. LaBarbera     Terms Offered: Winter
Note(s): Organizational meeting and deposit usually required in Autumn Quarter; interested students should contact an instructor in advance.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 39002

GEOS 29003. Field Course in Oceanography. 100 Units.

Students in this course spend roughly a week sailing a tall ship from the SEA education program, learning oceanographic sampling techniques and data interpretation as well as principles of navigation and seamanship.

Terms Offered: Spring, Summer
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor
Note(s): Interested students should contact the departmental counselor.

GEOS 29004. Field Course in Glaciology. 100 Units.

Instructor(s): D. MacAyeal     Terms Offered: not offered 2012-2013
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor
Note(s): Interested students should contact the departmental counselor.

GEOS 29005. Field Course in Environmental Science. 100 Units.

Terms Offered: Autumn, Winter
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor
Note(s): Interested students should contact the departmental counselor.

GEOS 29700. Reading and Research in the Geophysical Sciences. 100 Units.

Terms Offered: Summer, Autumn, Winter, Spring
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor and departmental counselor
Note(s): Students are required to submit the College Reading and Research Course Form. Available to nonmajors for P/F grading. Must be taken for a quality grade when used to meet a requirement in the major.

GEOS 30200. Introduction to Research in the Geophysical Sciences. 100 Units.

This course is mandatory for all incoming graduate students in the department. Its purpose is to introduce the faculty’s current research themes/areas and to familiarize incoming graduate students with research areas they might contemplate for further specialization. Lectures are presented by individual faculty on either 1) a general survey of a research area, or 2) a specialized topic of interest. Student activity varies from year to year and is based on a combination of oral and written presentations.

Instructor(s): Staff     Terms Offered: Autumn

GEOS 30500. Topics in the Geophysical Sciences. 100 Units.

This course is offered from time-to-time as a means of covering topics that are generally not covered by regularly offered courses in the curriculum. Students should consult with appropriate faculty regarding opportunities to take this course when the situation arises.

Instructor(s): Staff

GEOS 31005. Mineral Science. 100 Units.

This course examines the relationship between the structure of minerals, their chemistry, and their physical properties. Topics include crystallography, defect properties, phase transitions, and analytical tools, followed by detailed study of specific mineral groups.

Instructor(s): A. Campbell     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 21000 or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 21005

GEOS 31200. Physics of the Earth. 100 Units.

This course considers geophysical evidence bearing on the internal makeup and dynamical behavior of the Earth, including seismology (i.e., properties of elastic waves and their interpretation, and internal structure of the Earth); mechanics of rock deformation (i.e., elastic properties, creep and flow of rocks, faulting, earthquakes); gravity (i.e., geoid, isostasy); geomagnetism (i.e., magnetic properties of rocks and history, origin of the magnetic field); heat flow (i.e., temperature within the Earth, sources of heat, thermal history of the Earth); and plate tectonics and the maintenance of plate motions. (L)

Instructor(s): F. Richter      Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Prior calculus and college-level physics courses, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 21200

GEOS 31205. Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Near-Surface Earth Seismicity. 100 Units.

This course introduces the mechanics and phenomenology of elastic waves in the Earth and in the fluids near the Earth's surface (e.g., S and P waves in the solid earth, acoustic waves in the ocean and atmosphere). Topics include stress and strain, constitutive equations, elasticity, seismic waves, acoustic waves, theory of refraction/reflection, surface waves, dispersion, and normal modes of the Earth. Phenomenology addressed includes exploration geophysics (refraction/reflection seismology), earthquakes and earthquake source characterization, seismograms as signals, seismometers and seismological networks, and digital seismogram analysis.

Instructor(s): D. MacAyeal     Terms Offered: Autumn
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 21205

GEOS 31400. Thermodynamics and Phase Change. 100 Units.

This course develops the mathematical structure of thermodynamics with emphasis on relations between thermodynamic variables and equations of state. These concepts are then applied to homogeneous and heterogeneous phase equilibrium, culminating in the construction of representative binary and ternary phase diagrams of petrological significance.

Instructor(s): A. Campbell     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): MATH 20000-20100-20200 and college-level chemistry and calculus, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 21400

GEOS 31500. Mineral Physics. 100 Units.

The application of physics at the microscopic level to geologic and geophysical problems. Topics: vibrational, electric and transport properties of minerals.

Instructor(s): D. Heinz
Prerequisite(s): 2 yrs. math beyond calculus; 1 year physical chemistry or 1 year of both physics and chemistry; general geology, general geophysics and mineralogy, petrology or equivalent

GEOS 32040. Formation of Planetary Systems in Our Galaxy: From Dust to Planetesimals. 100 Units.

This course examines the physical and chemical processes that operate during the earliest stages of planet formation when dust in a protoplanetary disk aggregates into bodies 1 to 10 km in size. Topics include the physical and chemical evolution of protoplanetary disks, radial transport of dust particles, transient heating events, and the formation of planetesimals. We discuss the evidence of these processes found in meteorites and observed in disks around young stars. Chemical and physical models of dust evolution are introduced, including an overview of basic numerical modeling techniques.

Instructor(s): F. Ciesla     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): One year of college-level calculus and physics or chemistry, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 22040

GEOS 32050. Formation of Planetary Systems in our Galaxy: From Planetesimals to Planets. 100 Units.

This course explores the stage of planet formation during which 1 to 10 km planetesimals accrete to form planets. Topics include heating of planetesimals, models of giant planet formation, the delivery of water to terrestrial planets, and the impact that stellar mass and external environment have on planet formation. We also discuss what processes determine the properties (mass, composition, and orbital parameters) of a planet and its potential for habitability. Basic modeling techniques and current research papers in peer-reviewed journals are also discussed.

Instructor(s): F. Ciesla     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 22050

GEOS 32060. What Makes a Planet Habitable? 100 Units.

This course explores the factors that determine how habitable planets form and evolve. We will discuss a range of topics, from the formation of planets around stars and the delivery of water, to the formation of atmospheres, climate dynamics, and the conditions that allow for the development of life and the evolution of complex life. Students will be responsible for reading and discussing papers in peer- reviewed journals each meeting and for periodically preparing presentations and leading the discussion.

Instructor(s): D. Abbot, F. Ciesla     Terms Offered: Winter
Equivalent Course(s): ASTR 45900

GEOS 32200. Geochronology. 100 Units.

This course covers the duration of planetary differentiation and the age of the Earth (i.e., extinct and extant chronometers); timescales for building a habitable planet (i.e., the late heavy bombardment, the origin of the atmosphere, the emergence of life, and continent extraction); dating mountains (i.e., absolute ages, exposure ages, and thermochronology); the climate record (i.e., dating layers in sediments and ice cores); and dating recent artifacts (e.g., the Shroud of Turin).

Instructor(s): N. Dauphas     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Background in college-level geology, physics, and mathematics.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 22200

GEOS 32300. Cosmochemistry. 100 Units.

Chemical, mineralogical, and petrographic classifications of meteorites. Topics include: abundances of the elements, origin of the elements and stellar evolution, the interstellar medium and formation of the solar nebula, condensation of the solar system, chemical fractionations in meteorites and planets, age of the solar system, extinct radionuclides in meteorites, isotope anomalies.

Instructor(s): L. Grossman     Terms Offered: Winter

GEOS 32700. Analytical Techniques in Geochemistry. 100 Units.

Measurement of the isotopic and chemical compositions of solar system materials involves a wide variety of analytical techniques. In this course, we will review the major types of instrumentation used in modern laboratories. The goal is not to produce experts in the operation of each instrument, but rather that everyone gain an appreciation for how instruments work and what the capabilities and limitations are for each kind of instrument.

Instructor(s): A. Davis

GEOS 32705. Analytical Techniques. 100 Units.

Theory and practice of analytical techniques.

Instructor(s): I. Steele

GEOS 33200. Climate Dynamics of the Earth and Other Planets. 100 Units.

Prior programming experience helpful but not required. This course introduces the basic physics governing the climate of planets, the Earth in particular but with some consideration of other planets. Topics include atmospheric thermodynamics of wet and dry atmospheres, the hydrological cycle, blackbody radiation, molecular absorption in the atmosphere, the basic principles of radiation balance, and diurnal and seasonal cycles. Students solve problems of increasing complexity, moving from pencil-and-paper problems to programming exercises, to determine surface and atmospheric temperatures and how they evolve. An introduction to scientific programming is provided, but the fluid dynamics of planetary flows is not covered. (L)

Instructor(s): R. Pierrehumbert      Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Prior physics course (preferably PHYS 13300 and 14300) and knowledge of calculus required; prior geophysical sciences course not required.
Note(s): Prior programming experience helpful but not required.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 23200

GEOS 33205. Introductory Glaciology. 100 Units.

The fundamentals of glacier and ice-sheet dynamics and phenomenology will be covered in this introductory course (snow and sea ice will be excluded from this course, however may be taken up in the future).  Emphasis will be placed on developing the foundation of continuum mechanics and viscous fluid flow as a means of developing the basic equations of glacier deformation, ice-sheet and -shelf flow, basal processes, glacier hydrology, and unstable modes of flow. This course is intended for advanced undergraduate students in physics, math, geophysical sciences and related fields as well as graduate students considering research in glaciology and climate dynamics. (L)

Instructor(s): D. MacAyeal     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Knowledge of vector calculus, linear algebra, and computer programming.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 23205

GEOS 33300. Advanced Topics in Climate Dynamics. 100 Units.

Topics will vary yearly, and will be drawn from the following, among others: real gas infrared radiative transfer; the surface energy balance of planets; radiative-convective models; data analysis of Earth and planetary climate data; 1D energy balance models; models of long term geochemical and physical evolution of atmospheres.

Instructor(s): R. Pierrehumbert     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 23200 or equivalent

GEOS 33800. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 100 Units.

This survey course covers the geochemistry of the surface of the Earth, with emphasis on biological and geological processes, their assembly into self-regulating systems, and their potential sensitivity to anthropogenic or other perturbations. Budgets and cycles of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, and silicon are discussed, as well as fundamentals of the processes of weathering, sediment diagenesis, and isotopic fractionation. What is known about the biogeochemistry of the Earth through geologic time is also presented.

Instructor(s): D. Archer     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 11100-11200 or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 23800

GEOS 33805. Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry. 100 Units.

Stable isotopes of H, C, O, N, and S are valuable tools for understanding the biological and geochemical processes that have shaped the composition of Earth's atmosphere and oceans throughout our planet's history. This course examines basic thermodynamic and kinetic theory to describe the behavior of isotopes in chemical and biological systems. We then examine the stable isotope systematics of localized environmental processes, and see how local processes contribute to global isotopic signals that are preserved in ice, sediment, rock, and fossils. Special emphasis is placed on the global carbon cycle, the history of atmospheric oxygen levels, and paleoclimate.

Instructor(s): A. Colman     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 11100-11200-11300 or equivalent; 13100-13200-13300 or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 23805

GEOS 33900. Environmental Chemistry. 100 Units.

The focus of this course is the fundamental science underlying issues of local and regional scale pollution. In particular, the lifetimes of important pollutants in the air, water, and soils are examined by considering the roles played by photochemistry, surface chemistry, biological processes, and dispersal into the surrounding environment. Specific topics include urban air quality, water quality, long-lived organic toxins, heavy metals, and indoor air pollution. Control measures are also considered. (L)

Instructor(s): A. Colman      Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 11101-11201 or equivalent, and prior calculus course
Note(s): This course is offered in alternate years.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 23900,ENST 23900

GEOS 34100. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics. 100 Units.

This course provides an introduction to concepts and phenomenology of fluid mechanics of newtonian fluids. Classroom demonstrations are coupled with analytical treatment of equations of motion and their approximations. Topics include (1) pressure and stress, (2) Bernoulli s theorem, (3) vorticity and turbulence, (4) surface and internal waves, (5) effects of rotation and gravity on stability, (6) spin up. The lectures are supplemented by problem sets. Commands of vector calculus are highly desirable.

Instructor(s): N. Nakamura
Prerequisite(s): Classical mechanics and vector calculus

GEOS 34105. Dynamics of Viscous Fluids. 100 Units.

This course is offered on an occasional basis, and deals with the thermomechanical properties and behavior of ideal viscous fluids, with applications in special areas of geophysical fluid dynamics, particularly glaciology and mantle isostacy. Topics to be covered include: constitutive descriptions of ideal and non ideal fluids, compressible and incompressible fluids, coulomb failure laws, plastic approximations, kinematics of flow fields, strain and strain rate tensors, equations governing the balance of momentum and energy, stress tensor, Navier Stokes equations, Stokesian flows, non Newtonian constitutive laws and laminar/turbulent transitions. Special cases of fluid flow will be examined, including irrotational and incompressible flow, Bernoulli’s theorem for inviscid fluids, jets, wakes and flow past rigid boundaries. Special boundary conditions will be examined, including both dynamic and kinematic. Geophysical applications in 2005 ranged across the basics of glaciological flow systems, including classical Nye/Vialov icesheet flow, ice shelf flow and basal sliding. Readings will include chapters from G.K. Batchelor s An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics and occasional classical journal articles in glaciology.Â

Instructor(s): D. MacAyeal

GEOS 34200. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. 100 Units.

Theoretical foundation for understanding the large scale flow patterns in the Earth’s atmosphere and ocean. Topics include: The governing equations for fluids on a rotating sphere under gravity; basic conservation properties; linear wave dynamics and geostrophic adjustment; quasigeostrophic dynamics with Ekman friction; effects of isolated mountains on the general circulation of the atmosphere; two layer model of baroclinic instability and implications to storm organization; wind driven ocean circulation.

Instructor(s): N. Nakamura
Prerequisite(s): One quarter of fluid mechanics in any discipline or consent of instructor.

GEOS 34400. Topics in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. 100 Units.

This course teaches science and art of numerical modeling at an elementary level. Classroom discussions on mathematical principles will be supplemented by a series of actual coding assignments. (Command of a programming language is assumed; this is not a course on programming.) It is our goal that at the end of the course each student will have coded a working copy of shallow water model on a rotating sphere (and do science with it). Prereq: Calculus, working knowledge of Fourier Transform and of a programming language (C, Fortran, IDL, etc.), access to a computer with a compiler and runtime environment. No previous experience in fluid dynamics is necessary, although this course alone does not fully prepare one to become a fluid dynamicist.

Instructor(s): N. Nakamura

GEOS 34500. The Atmosphere and Ocean in Motion. 100 Units.

The motion of the atmosphere and ocean not only affects daily weather conditions but is also critical in maintaining the habitable climate of our planet. This course teaches: (1) observed patterns of large-scale circulation of the atmosphere and ocean; (2) physical principles that drive the observed circulation; (3) transport of heat, angular momentum, and other quantities; and (4) climate variability and predictability. The lectures are supplemented by problem sets and a computer lab project.

Instructor(s): N. Nakamura     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13300 or equivalent, and calculus
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 24500

GEOS 34505. Dynamics of the Stratosphere. 100 Units.

Focus on the vertical structure of the Earth’s atmosphere due to compressibility and radiative heating, and its consequences on the dynamics, particularly of the stratosphere. Emphasis is placed more on the underlying physics than on the mere phenomenology of the stratosphere.

Instructor(s): N. Nakamura
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 34200 or equivalent

GEOS 34510. Topics in Atmospheric Science. 100 Units.

Topics of current interest in atmospheric science, with a particular emphasis on issues arising in recent publications. Topics covered have included: tropical circulations, cloud climate feedbacks, and dynamics of the stratosphere.

Instructor(s): Staff
Prerequisite(s): consent of instructor

GEOS 34600. Laboratory Course on Weather and Climate. 100 Units.

Working in groups, students gain hands-on experience in designing, implementing, and analyzing experiments concerning the principles of rotating fluids that underlie weather and climate.

Instructor(s): N. Nakamura     Terms Offered: Spring
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 24600

GEOS 34705. Energy: Science, Technology, and Human Usage. 100 Units.

This course covers the technologies by which humans appropriate energy for industrial and societal use, from steam turbines to internal combustion engines to photovoltaics. We also discuss the physics and economics of the resulting human energy system: fuel sources and relationship to energy flows in the Earth system; and modeling and simulation of energy production and use. Our goal is to provide a technical foundation for students interested in careers in the energy industry or in energy policy. Field trips required to major energy converters (e.g., coal-fired and nuclear power plants, oil refinery, biogas digester) and users (e.g., steel, fertilizer production).

Instructor(s): E. Moyer     Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): Knowledge of physics or consent of instructor
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 24705,ENST 24705

GEOS 34800. Radiation Transfer Theory. 100 Units.

Develops the theory of radiation emission, absorption, and scattering by planetary atmospheres. Emphasis on the derivation and solution of the radiative transfer equation for plane parallel, horizontally homogeneous atmospheres.

Instructor(s): J. Frederick, R. Pierrehumbert
Prerequisite(s): Advanced undergraduate level knowledge of electromagnetic theory, atomic structure, and differential equations.

GEOS 35400. Introduction to Numerical Techniques for the Geophysical Sciences. 100 Units.

This class provides an introduction to different types of numerical techniques used in developing models used in geophysical science research. Topics will include how to interpolate and extrapolate functions, develop functional fits to data, integrate a function, or solve partial differential equations. Students are expected to have some familiarity with computers and programming—programming methods will not be discussed in detail. While techniques will be the focus of the class, we will also discuss the planning needed in developing a model as well as the limitations inherent in such models.

Instructor(s): F. Ciesla     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): Familiarity with a computer programming language such as C, Fortran, or IDL, or a mathematical computing environment like Mathematica or Matlab. Spreadsheets such as Excel or Numbers can also be used for many problems.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 25400

GEOS 35500. Mathematical Methods for the Earth Sciences. 100 Units.

This course is intended to be a brief introduction to mathematical methods that may be of use in the Earth Sciences. The focus will be on building physical intuition and practical problem solving. Students may solve problems analytically, or write numerical codes to solve them.

Instructor(s): D. Abbot     Terms Offered: Spring

GEOS 36000. Morphometrics. 100 Units.

This graduate-level course serves as an introduction to the field of morphometrics (the analysis of organismal shape). Quantitative exploratory and confirmatory techniques involving both traditional (length-based) and geometric (landmark-based) summaries of organismal shape are introduced in a series of lectures and practical exercises. Emphasis is placed on the application of morphometric methods to issues such as (but not restricted to) quantification of intraspecific variability, interspecific differences, disparity, ontogenetic growth patterns (allometry), and phylogenetic changes in morphology. Relevant statistical and algebraic operations are explained assuming no prior background. Students are required to bring personal laptop computers, and are expected to acquire and analyze their own data sets during the course.

Instructor(s): M. Webster
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 36700

GEOS 36200. Evolution and the Fossil Record. 100 Units.

This course serves as an introduction to the practical and theoretical issues involved in obtaining primary systematic data from the fossil record, and demonstrates the criticality of such data to the rigorous documentation and interpretation of evolutionary patterns. Precise topics of the seminar discussions will vary from year to year depending on relevance to student research projects and interest, but are likely to focus on issues such as (but not restricted to) practical techniques in specimen-based paleontology (including fossil preparation and photography), species delimitation (including species concepts, variability, and ecophenotypy), stratigraphic/geographic range determination (including biostratigraphic correlation), phylogeny reconstruction (including the relevance of stratigraphic data), and the importance of these topics to broader macroevolutionary issues such as diversity/disparity dynamics and the determination of evolutionary trends, rates and processes.

Instructor(s): M. Webster
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 46200

GEOS 36300. Invertebrate Paleobiology and Evolution. 100 Units.

This course provides a detailed overview of the morphology, paleobiology, evolutionary history, and practical uses of the invertebrate and microfossil groups commonly found in the fossil record. Emphasis is placed on understanding key anatomical and ecological innovations within each group and interactions among groups responsible for producing the observed changes in diversity, dominance, and ecological community structure through evolutionary time. Labs supplement lecture material with specimen-based and practical application sections. An optional field trip offers experience in the collection of specimens and raw paleontological data. Several "Hot Topics" lectures introduce important, exciting, and often controversial aspects of current paleontological research linked to particular invertebrate groups.

Instructor(s): M. Webster L.     Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100 and 13200, or equivalent. Students majoring in biological sciences only; Completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 26300,BIOS 23261,EVOL 32400

GEOS 36400. Principles of Paleontology. 100 Units.

The focus of this course is on the nature of the fossil record, the information it provides on patterns and processes of evolution through geologic time, and how it can be used to solve geological and biological problems. Lectures cover the principles of paleontology (e.g., fossilization, classification, morphologic analysis and interpretation, biostratigraphy, paleoecology, macroevolution); labs are systematic, introducing major groups of fossil invertebrates. (L)

Instructor(s): M. Foote      Terms Offered: Spring
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100-13200, or completion of the general education requirement in the biological sciences, or consent of instructor.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 26400,BIOS 23255,EVOL 32300

GEOS 36501. Paleobiological Modeling and Analysis-1. 100 Units.

This course is an introduction to mathematical modeling as applied to problems in paleobiology and evolutionary biology. Topics include: basic probability theory; general approaches to modeling; model comparison using likelihood and other criteria; forward modeling of branching processes; sampling models; and inverse methods. A series of programming exercises and a term project are required. Programming in R or C is recommended, but any language may be used.  Winter quarter, generally in even numbered years. GEOS 36501 and GEOS 36502 can be taken in either order.

Instructor(s): M. Foote     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Mathematics through first-year calculus; basic computer programming skills (or willingness to learn); elementary statistics helpful.
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 33001

GEOS 36502. Paleobiological Modeling and Analysis-2. 100 Units.

 This course is an introduction to multivariate analysis, with emphasis on morphological data and problems in paleontology and evolutionary biology. Topics include: types of data and scales of measurement; data transformations; bivariate analysis; measurement of similarity and difference; clustering; ordination; singular value decomposition; principal component analysis, factor analysis, principal coordinates, correspondence analysis, and other eigenvector methods; and path analysis. Each student will bring a multivariate dataset (not necessarily original) to the course and will write a series of short papers based on analysis of these data. Code written in the R programming language will be supplied for most analyses. Winter quarter, generally in odd numbered years. GEOS 36501 and GEOS 36502 can be taken in either order.

Instructor(s): M. Foote     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): Mathematics at secondary school level; basic computer programming skills (or willingness to learn); calculus, linear algebra, and elementary statistics also helpful, although essential points will be reviewed.
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 33002

GEOS 36700. Taphonomy. 100 Units.

Lecture and research course on patterns and processes of fossilization, including rates and controls of soft tissue decomposition, post mortem behavior of skeletal hard parts, concentration and burial of remains, scales of time averaging, and the net spatial and compositional fidelity of (paleo)biologic information, including trends across environments and evolutionary time. Offered alternate years.

Instructor(s): S. Kidwell
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 31800

GEOS 36800. Macroevolution. 100 Units.

Patterns and processes of evolution above the species level, in both recent and fossil organism. A survey of the current literature, along with case studies.

Instructor(s): D. Jablonski     Terms Offered: Spring
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 31700

GEOS 36900. Topics in Paleobiology. 100 Units.

In this seminar we investigate paleobiological or multidisciplinary topics of current interest to students and faculty. Previous subjects include the origin of phyla, historical and macro-ecology, the stratigraphic record and evolutionary patterns, and climate and evolution.

Instructor(s): D. Jablonski, S. Kidwell     Terms Offered: Autumn
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 31900

GEOS 36905. Topics in Conservation Paleobiology. 100 Units.

Instructor(s): S. Kidwell

GEOS 37000. Evolutionary History of Terrestrial Ecosystems. 100 Units.

This seminar course covers the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems from their Paleozoic assembly through to the modern world. The fossil history of plant, vertebrate, invertebrate, and fungal lineages are covered, as well as the diversification of their ecological interactions. The influence of extinction events and important extrinsic factors (e.g., geography, climate, atmospheric composition) also are considered.

Instructor(s): C. K. Boyce     Terms Offered: Spring
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 32500,GEOS 27000

GEOS 37100. Plant Paleontology. 100 Units.

Introduction to all major groups of extant and fossil plants, ranging from green algae to angiosperms. Discussions of plant taphonomy, the use of fossil plants as indicators of paleoclimate, the fossil spore/pollen record, evolutionary and paleoclimatic applications of palynological data, and the history of terrestrial ecosystems. Examination of living and fossil material at the Garfield Park Conservatory and the Field Museum.

Instructor(s): C. Boyce

GEOS 38000. Introduction to Structural Geology. 100 Units.

This course explores the deformation of the Earth materials primarily as observed in the crust. We emphasize stress and strain and their relationship to incremental and finite deformation in crustal rocks, as well as techniques for inferring paleostress and strain in deformed crustal rocks. We also look at mesoscale to macroscale structures and basic techniques of field geology in deformed regions.

Instructor(s): D. Rowley     Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100
Note(s): This course is offered in alternate years.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 28000

GEOS 38100. Global Tectonics. 100 Units.

This course reviews the spatial and temporal development of tectonic and plate tectonic activity of the globe. We focus on the style of activity at compressive, extensional, and shear margins, as well as on the types of basin evolution associated with each. (L)

Instructor(s): D. Rowley      Terms Offered: Winter
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100 or consent of instructor
Note(s): This course is offered in alternate years.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 28100

GEOS 38300. Principles of Stratigraphy. 100 Units.

This course introduces principles and methods of stratigraphy. Topics include facies analysis, physical and biostratigraphic correlation, and development and calibration of the geologic time scale. We also discuss controversies concerning the completeness of the stratigraphic record; origin of sedimentary cycles; and interactions between global sea level, tectonics, and sediment supply. (L)

Instructor(s): S. Kidwell      Terms Offered: Autumn
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 13100-13200 or equivalent required; GEOS 23500 and/or 28200 recommended
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 28300

GEOS 38400. Topics in Stratigraphy and Biosedimentology. 100 Units.

Seminar course using the primary literature and/or a field problem. Topic selected from the rapidly evolving fields of sequence stratigraphy, basin analysis, and animal sediment relationships.

Instructor(s): S. Kidwell
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 26400 and GEOS 28300 or equivalent
Equivalent Course(s): EVOL 41500

GEOS 38500. Stratigraphic Analysis. 100 Units.

Historical review of basic concepts and methods, leading to current frontiers and controversies in basin and global scale analysis of the sedimentary rock record.

Instructor(s): S. Kidwell
Prerequisite(s): GEOS 28300 or equivalent

GEOS 39002. Field Course in Modern and Ancient Environments. 100 Units.

This course uses weekly seminars during Winter Quarter to prepare for a one-week field trip over spring break, where students acquire experience with sedimentary rocks and the modern processes responsible for them. Destinations vary; past trips have examined tropical carbonate systems of Jamaica and the Bahamas and subtropical coastal Gulf of California. We usually consider biological, as well as physical, processes of sediment production, dispersal, accumulation, and post-depositional modification.

Instructor(s): S. Kidwell, M. LaBarbera     Terms Offered: Winter
Note(s): Organizational meeting and deposit usually required in Autumn Quarter; interested students should contact an instructor in advance.
Equivalent Course(s): GEOS 29002

GEOS 39700. Reading and Research in the Geophysical Sciences. Variable Units.

GEOS 39700-39799.Topics available include, but are not limited to: Mineralogy, Petrology, Geophysics, High Pressure Geophysics, Geodynamics, Volcanology, Cosmochemistry, Geochemistry, Atmospheric Dynamics, Paleoclimatology, Physical Oceanography, Chemical Oceanography, Paleoceanography, Atmospheric Chemistry, Fluid Dynamics, Glaciology, Climatology, Radiative Transfer, Cloud Physics, Morphometrics, Phylogeny, Analytical Paleontology, Evolution, Taphonomy, Macroevolution, Paleobiology, Aktuopaleontology, Paleobotany, Biomechanics, Paleoecology, Tectonics, Stratigraphy.

Instructor(s): Staff     Terms Offered: Autumn, Winter, Spring, Summer
Prerequisite(s): Admission to graduate status

GEOS 39800. Reading and Research in the Geophysical Sciences for the Master’s Degree. Variable Units.

An essay or formal thesis will be required.

Instructor(s): Staff     Terms Offered: Autumn, Winter, Spring, Summer
Prerequisite(s): admission to grad status

GEOS 49700. Advanced Reading and Research in the Geophysical Sciences. Variable Units.

GEOS 49700-49799. Topics available include, but are not limited to: Mineralogy, Petrology, Geophysics, High Pressure Geophysics, Geodynamics, Volcanology, Cosmochemistry, Geochemistry, Atmospheric Dynamics, Paleoclimatology, Physical Oceanography, Chemical Oceanography, Paleoceanography, Atmospheric Chemistry, Fluid Dynamics, Glaciology, Climatology, Radiative Transfer, Cloud Physics, Morphometrics, Phylogeny, Analytical Paleontology, Evolution, Taphonomy, Macroevolution, Paleobiology, Aktuopaleontology, Paleobotany, Biomechanics, Paleoecology, Tectonics, Stratigraphy.

Instructor(s): Staff     Terms Offered: Autumn, Winter, Spring, Summer
Prerequisite(s): admission to Ph.D. candidacy

GEOS 49900. Post Ph.D. Research. Variable Units.

Instructor(s): Staff     Terms Offered: Autumn, Winter, Spring, Summer